{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047601730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152493","title":"Crop Mapping from Sentinel-1 Polarimetric Time-Series with a Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Crop Mapping from Sentinel-1 Polarimetric Time-Series with a Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047601730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152493","mag":"3047601730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12152493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152493","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2493/pdf?version=1596512002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2493/pdf?version=1596512002","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773498","display_name":"Yang Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","School of Surveying & Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454000, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying & Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091906696","display_name":"Wenzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-2310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078759956","display_name":"Zhanliang Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanliang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying & Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying & Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046611354","display_name":"Jiage Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiage Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091906696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":35.0647,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99381024,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"15","first_page":"2493","last_page":"2493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6659984588623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6074633002281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.547010600566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4731738865375519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4538399875164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.42851364612579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4168161153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4151725172996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3856254518032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35668450593948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3160410225391388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16040045022964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08510845899581909}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6659984588623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6074633002281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.547010600566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4731738865375519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4538399875164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.42851364612579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4168161153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4151725172996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3856254518032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35668450593948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3160410225391388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16040045022964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08510845899581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12152493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152493","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2493/pdf?version=1596512002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a9ef063f96546038d35435d9eee093b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a9ef063f96546038d35435d9eee093b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 15, p 2493 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/15/2493/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 15; Pages: 2493","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12152493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152493","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2493/pdf?version=1596512002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5463689020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1508903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8797130980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018NTST01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047601730.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047601730.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1969214006","https://openalex.org/W1974419126","https://openalex.org/W2006864956","https://openalex.org/W2008085934","https://openalex.org/W2009166694","https://openalex.org/W2041241239","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2078587853","https://openalex.org/W2084083071","https://openalex.org/W2097272115","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2133989913","https://openalex.org/W2136848157","https://openalex.org/W2140412267","https://openalex.org/W2143481518","https://openalex.org/W2148333466","https://openalex.org/W2261167432","https://openalex.org/W2325718943","https://openalex.org/W2342893289","https://openalex.org/W2345055757","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2474714635","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2544333311","https://openalex.org/W2559324447","https://openalex.org/W2621042270","https://openalex.org/W2737391801","https://openalex.org/W2745131289","https://openalex.org/W2754361766","https://openalex.org/W2757678917","https://openalex.org/W2767953525","https://openalex.org/W2792606736","https://openalex.org/W2792827505","https://openalex.org/W2793189836","https://openalex.org/W2819744022","https://openalex.org/W2886493749","https://openalex.org/W2891430670","https://openalex.org/W2900217217","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2919016474","https://openalex.org/W2923133717","https://openalex.org/W2953118818","https://openalex.org/W2959574828","https://openalex.org/W2970576551","https://openalex.org/W2981864880","https://openalex.org/W2996553655","https://openalex.org/W3002750555","https://openalex.org/W3003457021","https://openalex.org/W3098095976","https://openalex.org/W3102127038","https://openalex.org/W6642360064","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6692864540","https://openalex.org/W6754453871","https://openalex.org/W6760223068","https://openalex.org/W6771883537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W4308716060","https://openalex.org/W4280648719","https://openalex.org/W4386937079","https://openalex.org/W3033346322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Timely":[0],"and":[1,11,153,210],"accurate":[2],"agricultural":[3,12,171],"information":[4],"is":[5,122,144,208],"essential":[6],"for":[7,44,79,212],"food":[8],"security":[9],"assessment":[10],"management.":[13],"Synthetic":[14],"aperture":[15],"radar":[16],"(SAR)":[17],"systems":[18],"are":[19],"increasingly":[20],"available":[21],"in":[22,48,66,85,102,113,169,205],"crop":[23,45,67,83,148,213],"mapping,":[24],"as":[25,124],"they":[26],"provide":[27],"all-weather":[28],"imagery.":[29],"In":[30],"particular,":[31],"the":[32,51,61,64,72,80,92,129,163,178,183,189,198,202],"Sentinel-1":[33,52,65,110,118],"sensor":[34],"provides":[35],"dense":[36],"time-series":[37,86,111],"data,":[38],"thus":[39],"offering":[40],"a":[41,97,135,193],"unique":[42],"opportunity":[43],"mapping.":[46,68,214],"However,":[47],"most":[49,70],"studies,":[50],"complex":[53,170],"backscatter":[54,199],"coefficient":[55],"was":[56],"used":[57,123],"directly":[58],"which":[59],"limits":[60],"potential":[62],"of":[63,71,82,131],"Meanwhile,":[69],"existing":[73],"methods":[74],"may":[75],"not":[76],"be":[77,106],"tailored":[78],"task":[81],"classification":[84,156],"polarimetric":[87,132],"SAR":[88],"data.":[89],"To":[90,105],"solve":[91],"above":[93],"problem,":[94],"we":[95,108],"present":[96],"novel":[98],"deep":[99],"learning":[100],"strategy":[101,203],"this":[103,206],"research.":[104],"specific,":[107],"collected":[109],"data":[112],"two":[114],"study":[115],"areas.":[116],"The":[117,158],"image":[119],"covariance":[120,190],"matrix":[121],"an":[125],"input":[126],"to":[127,146],"maintain":[128],"integrity":[130],"information.":[133],"Then,":[134],"depthwise":[136],"separable":[137],"convolution":[138],"recurrent":[139],"neural":[140],"network":[141],"(DSCRNN)":[142],"architecture":[143],"proposed":[145,164,204],"characterize":[147],"types":[149],"from":[150],"multiple":[151],"perspectives":[152],"achieve":[154],"better":[155,167],"results.":[157],"experimental":[159],"results":[160],"indicate":[161],"that":[162,188],"method":[165],"achieves":[166],"accuracy":[168],"areas":[172],"than":[173,197],"other":[174],"classical":[175],"methods.":[176],"Additionally,":[177],"variable":[179],"importance":[180],"provided":[181],"by":[182],"random":[184],"forest":[185],"(RF)":[186],"illustrated":[187],"vector":[191],"has":[192],"far":[194],"greater":[195],"influence":[196],"coefficient.":[200],"Consequently,":[201],"research":[207],"effective":[209],"promising":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}