{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047272873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152459","title":"Temporal-Spatial Frequency Rockfall Data from Open-Pit Highwalls Using a Low-Cost Monitoring System","display_name":"Temporal-Spatial Frequency Rockfall Data from Open-Pit Highwalls Using a Low-Cost Monitoring System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047272873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152459","mag":"3047272873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12152459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152459","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2459/pdf?version=1596192276","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2459/pdf?version=1596192276","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040752188","display_name":"Anna Giacomini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5115-3216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Giacomini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057616346","display_name":"Klaus Thoeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-7447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Thoeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-7447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047724218","display_name":"M. Santise","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Santise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia","Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048357821","display_name":"F. Diotri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Diotri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064657215","display_name":"Shaun Booth","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaun Booth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resources and Infrastructure Development, Glencore, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resources and Infrastructure Development, Glencore, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111841308","display_name":"Stephen Fityus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Fityus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014418942","display_name":"R. Roncella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-638X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Roncella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-638X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040752188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":9.381,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97718789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"15","first_page":"2459","last_page":"2459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rockfall","display_name":"Rockfall","score":0.9519962668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.6026027202606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.566321849822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.45413312315940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4198649227619171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.4139203727245331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34832513332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.2211015820503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide","display_name":"Landslide","score":0.1863521933555603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204665574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5654036","display_name":"Rockfall","level":3,"score":0.9519962668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.6026027202606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.566321849822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.45413312315940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4198649227619171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.4139203727245331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34832513332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2211015820503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.1863521933555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12152459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152459","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2459/pdf?version=1596192276","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/28990640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/15/2459/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:uon:37511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1419902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196471","display_name":"NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","host_organization_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12152459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152459","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2459/pdf?version=1596192276","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8607956906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP160100370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047272873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047272873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127203114","https://openalex.org/W188892814","https://openalex.org/W294985039","https://openalex.org/W1860944057","https://openalex.org/W1932721871","https://openalex.org/W1968448466","https://openalex.org/W1970331803","https://openalex.org/W1974563328","https://openalex.org/W1978690828","https://openalex.org/W1978754515","https://openalex.org/W1996708891","https://openalex.org/W2002453841","https://openalex.org/W2010287553","https://openalex.org/W2013481289","https://openalex.org/W2015828860","https://openalex.org/W2020270128","https://openalex.org/W2021102809","https://openalex.org/W2026262541","https://openalex.org/W2031395879","https://openalex.org/W2037402385","https://openalex.org/W2044817569","https://openalex.org/W2047798910","https://openalex.org/W2073605590","https://openalex.org/W2075992373","https://openalex.org/W2077320165","https://openalex.org/W2080155871","https://openalex.org/W2086398360","https://openalex.org/W2088537474","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2128678136","https://openalex.org/W2156927388","https://openalex.org/W2162797353","https://openalex.org/W2165045843","https://openalex.org/W2255996641","https://openalex.org/W2279397389","https://openalex.org/W2283539441","https://openalex.org/W2303713124","https://openalex.org/W2401529287","https://openalex.org/W2429825036","https://openalex.org/W2443232778","https://openalex.org/W2581750114","https://openalex.org/W2586629890","https://openalex.org/W2594847594","https://openalex.org/W2613125489","https://openalex.org/W2761300724","https://openalex.org/W2768368288","https://openalex.org/W2783256866","https://openalex.org/W2788820446","https://openalex.org/W2807549434","https://openalex.org/W2904180614","https://openalex.org/W2922185530","https://openalex.org/W2968945031","https://openalex.org/W2972881382","https://openalex.org/W3009841698","https://openalex.org/W3016217127","https://openalex.org/W4213215721","https://openalex.org/W4253988115","https://openalex.org/W6633365022","https://openalex.org/W6692022346","https://openalex.org/W6734361970","https://openalex.org/W7025051483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618622758","https://openalex.org/W3119637801","https://openalex.org/W3137499903","https://openalex.org/W2912673345","https://openalex.org/W207400331","https://openalex.org/W2742702114","https://openalex.org/W4366769072","https://openalex.org/W4256629710","https://openalex.org/W2000389091","https://openalex.org/W2899805006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"surface":[1,74,131,146],"mining,":[2],"rockfall":[3,43,200,249],"can":[4,142,173,189],"seriously":[5],"threaten":[6],"the":[7,13,28,41,47,50,80,100,104,114,135,155,158,165,169,191,199,244,260,263],"safety":[8,95],"of":[9,15,31,109,116,134,154,164,198,230,237,243,262,275],"personnel":[10],"located":[11,72,221],"at":[12,119,183],"base":[14],"highwalls":[16],"and":[17,23,45,85,94,97,145,162,180,203,214,256],"cause":[18],"serious":[19],"damage":[20],"to":[21,38,64,102,251,254,265],"equipment":[22],"machinery.":[24],"Close-range":[25],"photogrammetry":[26],"for":[27,82,194],"continuous":[29],"monitoring":[30,61],"rock":[32,70,136,159,171],"surfaces":[33,172],"represents":[34],"a":[35,195,211,218,235],"valid":[36],"tool":[37],"efficiently":[39],"assess":[40],"potential":[42],"hazard":[44],"estimate":[46],"risk":[48],"in":[49,73,88,157,210,222,228,248],"affected":[51],"areas.":[52],"This":[53],"work":[54],"presents":[55],"an":[56],"autonomous":[57],"terrestrial":[58],"stereo-pair":[59],"photogrammetric":[60],"system":[62,78,206,264],"developed":[63],"observe":[65],"volumes":[66,161],"falling":[67],"from":[68,168],"sub-vertical":[69,170],"faces":[71],"mining":[75,110],"environments.":[76],"The":[77,205,240],"has":[79,99],"versatility":[81],"rapid":[83],"installation":[84],"quick":[86],"relocation":[87],"areas":[89],"often":[90],"constrained":[91],"by":[92],"accessibility":[93],"issues":[96],"it":[98],"robustness":[101],"tolerate":[103],"rough":[105],"environmental":[106],"conditions":[107],"typical":[108],"operations.":[111],"It":[112],"allows":[113],"collection":[115],"synchronised":[117],"images":[118],"different":[120],"periods":[121,274],"with":[122],"high-sensitivity":[123],"digital":[124,130],"single-lens":[125],"reflex":[126],"cameras,":[127],"producing":[128],"accurate":[129,175],"models":[132],"(DSM)":[133],"face.":[137],"Comparisons":[138],"between":[139],"successive":[140],"DSMs":[141],"detect":[143],"detachments":[144],"movements":[147],"during":[148],"defined":[149],"observation":[150],"periods.":[151],"Detailed":[152],"analysis":[153],"changes":[156],"surface,":[160],"frequency":[163],"rocks":[166],"dislodging":[167],"provide":[174],"information":[176],"on":[177,217],"event":[178,250],"magnitude":[179],"return":[181],"period":[182,236],"very":[184],"reasonable":[185],"cost":[186],"and,":[187],"therefore,":[188],"generate":[190,266],"necessary":[192],"data":[193,232,245,268],"detailed":[196],"inventory":[197],"spatial-temporal":[201],"occurrence":[202],"magnitude.":[204],"was":[207],"first":[208],"validated":[209],"trial":[212],"site,":[213],"then":[215],"applied":[216],"mine":[219],"site":[220],"NSW":[223],"(Australia).":[224],"Results":[225],"were":[226],"analysed":[227],"terms":[229],"multi-temporal":[231],"acquired":[233],"over":[234],"seven":[238],"weeks.":[239],"excellent":[241],"detail":[242],"allowed":[246],"trends":[247],"be":[252],"correlated":[253],"lithology":[255],"rainfall":[257],"events,":[258],"demonstrating":[259],"capability":[261],"useful":[267],"that":[269],"would":[270],"otherwise":[271],"require":[272],"extended":[273],"direct":[276],"observation.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}