{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3038660380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132128","title":"Reconstruction and Efficient Visualization of Heterogeneous 3D City Models","display_name":"Reconstruction and Efficient Visualization of Heterogeneous 3D City Models","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3038660380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132128","mag":"3038660380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12132128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/13/2128/pdf?version=1593861799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/13/2128/pdf?version=1593861799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030931592","display_name":"Mehmet B\u00fcy\u00fckdemircio\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3618-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66514158","display_name":"Hacettepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwvgz42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Buyukdemircioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3618-3414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084359132","display_name":"Sultan Kocaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-7914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66514158","display_name":"Hacettepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kwvgz42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sultan Kocaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-7914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084359132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66514158"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":13.3056,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99384306,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"13","first_page":"2128","last_page":"2128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citygml","display_name":"CityGML","score":0.9115514755249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-city-models","display_name":"3D city models","score":0.7985388040542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7738476991653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7124791741371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.4609023332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.45841145515441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4490616023540497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.41196727752685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35588157176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.35209670662879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3444781005382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.22387859225273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.15068694949150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.12406980991363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10262104868888855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776744651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093900","display_name":"CityGML","level":3,"score":0.9115514755249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172169","display_name":"3D city models","level":3,"score":0.7985388040542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7738476991653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7124791741371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4609023332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.45841145515441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4490616023540497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.41196727752685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35588157176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.35209670662879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3444781005382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.22387859225273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.15068694949150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.12406980991363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10262104868888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12132128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/13/2128/pdf?version=1593861799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07580aafde7246b4b57938636c37fdea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07580aafde7246b4b57938636c37fdea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 13, p 2128 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/13/2128/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 13; Pages: 2128","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12132128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/13/2128/pdf?version=1593861799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322007","display_name":"Ministry of Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04xmt0833"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038660380.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038660380.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98076215","https://openalex.org/W136741524","https://openalex.org/W165505785","https://openalex.org/W214427144","https://openalex.org/W1532464274","https://openalex.org/W1556183415","https://openalex.org/W1590899874","https://openalex.org/W1897300281","https://openalex.org/W1972599114","https://openalex.org/W1973546638","https://openalex.org/W1992268024","https://openalex.org/W1993070993","https://openalex.org/W1999856301","https://openalex.org/W2005117838","https://openalex.org/W2006815145","https://openalex.org/W2016545397","https://openalex.org/W2017503829","https://openalex.org/W2026942921","https://openalex.org/W2035184119","https://openalex.org/W2038139498","https://openalex.org/W2041244151","https://openalex.org/W2065605910","https://openalex.org/W2076562568","https://openalex.org/W2079757007","https://openalex.org/W2105607214","https://openalex.org/W2112678238","https://openalex.org/W2115727443","https://openalex.org/W2145913030","https://openalex.org/W2173727400","https://openalex.org/W2179608754","https://openalex.org/W2186562172","https://openalex.org/W2198806478","https://openalex.org/W2214373713","https://openalex.org/W2215173806","https://openalex.org/W2237160713","https://openalex.org/W2296539175","https://openalex.org/W2318160089","https://openalex.org/W2490443631","https://openalex.org/W2550073507","https://openalex.org/W2589813471","https://openalex.org/W2604944492","https://openalex.org/W2611402630","https://openalex.org/W2742872594","https://openalex.org/W2748580614","https://openalex.org/W2751236261","https://openalex.org/W2768031338","https://openalex.org/W2768440884","https://openalex.org/W2770829429","https://openalex.org/W2770972094","https://openalex.org/W2780315485","https://openalex.org/W2789478340","https://openalex.org/W2792545095","https://openalex.org/W2804195547","https://openalex.org/W2806377715","https://openalex.org/W2807647557","https://openalex.org/W2869805535","https://openalex.org/W2884497642","https://openalex.org/W2888159078","https://openalex.org/W2891036612","https://openalex.org/W2893749954","https://openalex.org/W2901582828","https://openalex.org/W2902964351","https://openalex.org/W2915850375","https://openalex.org/W2917763923","https://openalex.org/W2921198625","https://openalex.org/W2937716091","https://openalex.org/W2947581056","https://openalex.org/W2948035162","https://openalex.org/W2954464237","https://openalex.org/W2973867882","https://openalex.org/W2989944831","https://openalex.org/W3004802603","https://openalex.org/W3005282859","https://openalex.org/W3007908608","https://openalex.org/W3102285533","https://openalex.org/W4205503054","https://openalex.org/W4230564045","https://openalex.org/W4241663693","https://openalex.org/W4254094886","https://openalex.org/W6643586619","https://openalex.org/W6648338490","https://openalex.org/W6654892263","https://openalex.org/W6660121540","https://openalex.org/W6686983700","https://openalex.org/W6909871102","https://openalex.org/W6949485259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1767252664","https://openalex.org/W3091198297","https://openalex.org/W2586324716","https://openalex.org/W2961362339","https://openalex.org/W2563522820","https://openalex.org/W2725759460","https://openalex.org/W2803738593","https://openalex.org/W1983691250","https://openalex.org/W2888159078","https://openalex.org/W3081948806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,87,127,166],"increasing":[1],"efforts":[2],"in":[3,25,76,85,92,115,179],"developing":[4],"smart":[5],"city":[6,83,98,112,181],"concepts":[7],"are":[8,23],"often":[9],"coupled":[10],"with":[11,80,121,142],"three-dimensional":[12],"(3D)":[13],"modeling":[14,139],"of":[15,40,60,72,125,154,177,192],"envisioned":[16],"designs.":[17,62],"Such":[18],"conceptual":[19],"designs":[20],"and":[21,44,100,109,145,150,161,174,188],"planning":[22,43],"multi-disciplinary":[24],"their":[26],"nature.":[27],"Realistic":[28],"implementations":[29],"must":[30],"include":[31],"existing":[32,73],"urban":[33,74],"structures":[34,75],"for":[35,68,158],"proper":[36],"planning.":[37],"development":[39],"a":[41,66,81,116,122,132],"participatory":[42],"presentation":[45],"platform":[46],"has":[47],"several":[48],"challenges":[49],"from":[50],"scene":[51],"reconstruction":[52],"to":[53],"high-performance":[54,189],"visualization,":[55],"while":[56],"keeping":[57],"the":[58,61,69,101,110,171,175,180,193],"fidelity":[59],"This":[63],"study":[64,88,167],"proposes":[65],"framework":[67],"integrated":[70,130],"representation":[71,160],"CityGML":[77],"LoD2":[78],"combined":[79],"future":[82,111],"model":[84,143],"LoD3.":[86],"area":[89],"is":[90],"located":[91],"Sahinbey":[93],"Municipality,":[94],"Gaziantep,":[95],"Turkey.":[96],"Existing":[97],"parts":[99],"terrain":[102,135],"were":[103,129,148,163],"reconstructed":[104],"using":[105],"high-resolution":[106,133],"aerial":[107],"images,":[108],"was":[113],"designed":[114],"CAD":[117],"(computer-aided":[118],"design)":[119],"environment":[120],"high":[123],"level":[124,176],"detail.":[126],"models":[128,182,194],"through":[131],"digital":[134],"model.":[136],"Various":[137],"3D":[138],"approaches":[140],"together":[141],"textures":[144],"semantic":[146],"data":[147],"implemented":[149],"compared.":[151],"A":[152],"number":[153],"performance":[155],"tuning":[156],"methods":[157],"efficient":[159],"visualization":[162,191],"also":[164],"investigated.":[165],"shows":[168],"that,":[169],"although":[170],"object":[172],"diversity":[173],"detail":[178],"increase,":[183],"automatic":[184],"reconstruction,":[185],"dynamic":[186],"updating,":[187],"web-based":[190],"remain":[195],"challenging.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}