{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037235466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122009","title":"Post-Earthquake Night-Time Light Piecewise (PNLP) Pattern Based on NPP/VIIRS Night-Time Light Data: A Case Study of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake","display_name":"Post-Earthquake Night-Time Light Piecewise (PNLP) Pattern Based on NPP/VIIRS Night-Time Light Data: A Case Study of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037235466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122009","mag":"3037235466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12122009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2009/pdf?version=1592996383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2009/pdf?version=1592996383","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101716536","display_name":"Shengjun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-9056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716311","display_name":"Yunhao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-7303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-7303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103182423","display_name":"Long Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-7928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081117217","display_name":"Adu Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3076-2893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081117217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89070548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"2009","last_page":"2009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","score":0.9000009298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5478401780128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4975326359272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4544232189655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.41841956973075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32715439796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14070114493370056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948273","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","level":3,"score":0.9000009298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5478401780128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4975326359272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4544232189655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.41841956973075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32715439796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14070114493370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12122009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2009/pdf?version=1592996383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d51d86abf4cc4c26adf6fb3ac430a304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d51d86abf4cc4c26adf6fb3ac430a304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 12, p 2009 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/12/2009/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 12; Pages: 2009","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12122009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12122009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2009/pdf?version=1592996383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037235466.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206642453","https://openalex.org/W1494665070","https://openalex.org/W1860621353","https://openalex.org/W1960753609","https://openalex.org/W1975642551","https://openalex.org/W1977091958","https://openalex.org/W1977568612","https://openalex.org/W1987230720","https://openalex.org/W1987389994","https://openalex.org/W1997931238","https://openalex.org/W2006662908","https://openalex.org/W2009235667","https://openalex.org/W2029468494","https://openalex.org/W2039830417","https://openalex.org/W2056669964","https://openalex.org/W2069624290","https://openalex.org/W2074119918","https://openalex.org/W2080916144","https://openalex.org/W2088001257","https://openalex.org/W2090242371","https://openalex.org/W2098163826","https://openalex.org/W2137791397","https://openalex.org/W2142972867","https://openalex.org/W2147470031","https://openalex.org/W2161336494","https://openalex.org/W2171063743","https://openalex.org/W2172031530","https://openalex.org/W2280852486","https://openalex.org/W2318680928","https://openalex.org/W2351451111","https://openalex.org/W2364196162","https://openalex.org/W2370589522","https://openalex.org/W2518686632","https://openalex.org/W2536634807","https://openalex.org/W2587922254","https://openalex.org/W2600079623","https://openalex.org/W2773843280","https://openalex.org/W2791784608","https://openalex.org/W2795954895","https://openalex.org/W2797790122","https://openalex.org/W2798605982","https://openalex.org/W2800318274","https://openalex.org/W2892489770","https://openalex.org/W2898446131","https://openalex.org/W2900693285","https://openalex.org/W2903416259","https://openalex.org/W2911958266","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2941125029","https://openalex.org/W2954090318","https://openalex.org/W2967908754","https://openalex.org/W2974739989","https://openalex.org/W2980000628","https://openalex.org/W2988953672","https://openalex.org/W2994128586","https://openalex.org/W2999299375","https://openalex.org/W3035250298","https://openalex.org/W3140064497","https://openalex.org/W3150806421","https://openalex.org/W4313501351","https://openalex.org/W6649604166","https://openalex.org/W6695295809","https://openalex.org/W6699926439","https://openalex.org/W6756527347","https://openalex.org/W7025117801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986808830","https://openalex.org/W2508448752","https://openalex.org/W2273795329","https://openalex.org/W2774595914","https://openalex.org/W2606146316","https://openalex.org/W1964024921","https://openalex.org/W2037995797","https://openalex.org/W797711247","https://openalex.org/W4383907499","https://openalex.org/W2087273163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Earthquakes":[0],"are":[1,158,183,239,259],"unpredictable":[2],"and":[3,27,39,55,80,155,176,225,256,269,290,298,303],"potentially":[4],"destructive":[5],"natural":[6],"disasters":[7],"that":[8],"take":[9],"a":[10,32,111,173],"long":[11],"time":[12,201],"to":[13,25,88,160],"recover":[14],"from.":[15],"Monitoring":[16],"post-earthquake":[17,50,108,112,234,301],"human":[18,51,270],"activity":[19],"(HA)":[20],"is":[21,31,91,118,170,191],"of":[22,46,83,107,203,241,265,286,300],"great":[23],"significance":[24],"recovery":[26,109,142,219,244,302],"reconstruction":[28,145,152,222],"work.":[29],"There":[30],"strong":[33],"correlation":[34],"between":[35],"night-time":[36,113],"light":[37,114],"(NTL)":[38],"HA,":[40],"which":[41],"aid":[42],"in":[43,49,180,233],"the":[44,95,105,122,162,166,177,200,207,215,231,243,253,275,278,283,296],"study":[45,175],"spatiotemporal":[47,178],"changes":[48,179,285],"activities.":[52],"However,":[53],"seasonal":[54,81],"noise":[56,79],"impact":[57],"from":[58,85,199],"National":[59,123],"Polar-Orbiting":[60,124],"Partnership":[61,125],"Satellite":[62,126],"Visible":[63,127],"Infrared":[64,128],"Imaging":[65,129],"Radiometer":[66,130],"Suite":[67,131],"(NPP/VIIRS)":[68,132],"data":[69],"greatly":[70],"limits":[71],"their":[72],"application.":[73],"To":[74],"tackle":[75],"these":[76],"issues,":[77],"random":[78],"fluctuation":[82],"NPP/VIIRS":[84,276],"January":[86],"2014":[87],"December":[89],"2018":[90],"removed":[92],"by":[93,120],"adopting":[94],"seasonal-trend":[96],"decomposition":[97],"procedure":[98],"based":[99],"on":[100,104,274],"loess":[101],"(STL).":[102],"Based":[103,273],"theory":[106],"model,":[110],"piecewise":[115],"(PNLP)":[116],"pattern":[117,255,280],"explored":[119],"employing":[121],"monthly":[133],"data.":[134],"PNLP":[135,163,208,237,254,257,279],"indicators,":[136],"including":[137],"pre-earthquake":[138],"development":[139,148,226],"rate":[140,143,146,149,153],"(kp),":[141],"(kr1),":[144],"(kr2),":[147],"(kd),":[150],"relative":[151],"(krp)":[154],"loss":[156],"(S),":[157],"defined":[159],"describe":[161],"pattern.":[164],"Furthermore,":[165],"2015":[167],"Nepal":[168],"earthquake":[169],"chosen":[171],"as":[172],"case":[174],"different":[181],"areas":[182],"analyzed.":[184],"The":[185,248],"results":[186],"reveal":[187],"that:":[188],"(1)":[189],"STL":[190],"an":[192,292],"effective":[193,293],"algorithm":[194],"for":[195,262,295],"obtaining":[196],"HA":[197,287],"trend":[198],"series":[202],"denoising":[204],"NTL;":[205],"(2)":[206],"pattern,":[209],"divided":[210],"into":[211],"four":[212],"phases,":[213],"namely":[214],"emergency":[216],"phase":[217,220,223,227],"(EP),":[218],"(RP-1),":[221],"(RP-2),":[224],"(DP),":[228],"aptly":[229],"describes":[230],"variation":[232],"HA;":[235],"(3)":[236],"indicators":[238,258],"capable":[240],"evaluating":[242],"differences":[245],"across":[246],"regions.":[247],"main":[249],"socio-economic":[250],"factors":[251],"affecting":[252],"energy":[260],"source":[261],"lighting,":[263],"type":[264],"building,":[266],"agricultural":[267],"economy,":[268],"poverty":[271],"index.":[272],"data,":[277],"can":[281],"reflect":[282],"periodical":[284],"after":[288],"earthquakes":[289],"provide":[291],"means":[294],"analysis":[297],"evaluation":[299],"reconstruction.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2020-07-02T00:00:00"}