{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034635256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111901","title":"Detecting Long Time Changes in Benthic Macroalgal Cover Using Landsat Image Archive","display_name":"Detecting Long Time Changes in Benthic Macroalgal Cover Using Landsat Image Archive","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034635256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111901","mag":"3034635256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12111901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111901","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1901/pdf?version=1591887757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1901/pdf?version=1591887757","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013722861","display_name":"Laura L\u00f5ugas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura L\u00f5ugas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001710847","display_name":"Tiit Kutser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiit Kutser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002671741","display_name":"Jonne Kotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4970-6755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonne Kotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091057651","display_name":"Ele Vahtm\u00e4e","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ele Vahtm\u00e4e","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013722861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":1.3494,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77171439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"1901","last_page":"1901"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10643","display_name":"Marine and coastal plant biology","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10643","display_name":"Marine and coastal plant biology","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12073","display_name":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-zone","display_name":"Benthic zone","score":0.7194856405258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.645102858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5785988569259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archipelago","display_name":"Archipelago","score":0.5348644852638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.4794670343399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44342413544654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.4260013997554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.35641711950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.35166236758232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2842179238796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13136360049247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06085646152496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.058544039726257324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.7194856405258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.645102858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5785988569259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204207459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33837","display_name":"Archipelago","level":2,"score":0.5348644852638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4794670343399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44342413544654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.4260013997554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.35641711950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.35166236758232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2842179238796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13136360049247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06085646152496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.058544039726257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12111901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111901","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1901/pdf?version=1591887757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b92cd40f3c2c4ec7b3dc6f22d4da4462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b92cd40f3c2c4ec7b3dc6f22d4da4462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 1901 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/11/1901/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 11; Pages: 1901","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12111901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111901","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1901/pdf?version=1591887757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8059972716","display_name":"From micro to global scale - solving scientific problems with remote sensing","funder_award_id":"PRG302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","funder_display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeja18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034635256.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034635256.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21019869","https://openalex.org/W563160546","https://openalex.org/W1550812296","https://openalex.org/W1791918248","https://openalex.org/W1964121356","https://openalex.org/W1982452008","https://openalex.org/W1982594136","https://openalex.org/W1998025025","https://openalex.org/W2000852791","https://openalex.org/W2008063391","https://openalex.org/W2010319424","https://openalex.org/W2011783277","https://openalex.org/W2015479975","https://openalex.org/W2021272028","https://openalex.org/W2022312892","https://openalex.org/W2067804762","https://openalex.org/W2072978618","https://openalex.org/W2081980074","https://openalex.org/W2084288780","https://openalex.org/W2092988831","https://openalex.org/W2095172278","https://openalex.org/W2119991901","https://openalex.org/W2129875888","https://openalex.org/W2135695572","https://openalex.org/W2145350205","https://openalex.org/W2148143762","https://openalex.org/W2167705142","https://openalex.org/W2172000864","https://openalex.org/W2180682969","https://openalex.org/W2766685544","https://openalex.org/W2786693279","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2883640872","https://openalex.org/W2907692084","https://openalex.org/W2923025275","https://openalex.org/W2946409576","https://openalex.org/W3000464638","https://openalex.org/W4231323571","https://openalex.org/W4252978187","https://openalex.org/W6674566216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W101745730","https://openalex.org/W2353625363","https://openalex.org/W2333653566","https://openalex.org/W7759790","https://openalex.org/W2740926310","https://openalex.org/W3150697957","https://openalex.org/W2326065431","https://openalex.org/W20165974","https://openalex.org/W2070557315","https://openalex.org/W1879292667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coastal":[0],"macroalgae":[1],"worldwide":[2],"provide":[3],"multiple":[4,71],"ecological":[5,75,197],"functions":[6],"and":[7,33,92,162,194],"support":[8],"vital":[9],"ecosystem":[10],"services.":[11],"Thereby,":[12],"it":[13,82],"is":[14,31],"important":[15],"to":[16,84,95,177,187],"monitor":[17],"changes":[18,86],"in":[19,28,87,141,146,165,192],"the":[20,112,118,126,142,147,155,171,179,189],"extent":[21],"of":[22,37,49,128,182],"benthic":[23,131,166],"macroalgal":[24,38,61,184],"cover.":[25,168],"However,":[26],"as":[27,60],"situ":[29],"sampling":[30,53],"costly":[32],"time-consuming,":[34],"areal":[35,183],"estimates":[36],"species":[39],"cover":[40,127,190],"are":[41,63,78],"often":[42,64,79],"based":[43],"only":[44],"on":[45],"a":[46],"limited":[47],"number":[48],"samples.":[50],"This":[51,133],"low":[52],"effort":[54],"likely":[55],"yields":[56],"very":[57],"biased":[58],"estimates,":[59],"communities":[62,89],"characterized":[65],"by":[66],"large":[67],"spatial":[68,72,161],"variability":[69,164],"at":[70,138],"scales.":[73],"Moreover,":[74],"time":[76],"series":[77,104],"short-term,":[80],"making":[81],"impossible":[83],"assess":[85],"algal":[88,167],"over":[90],"decades":[91],"relate":[93],"this":[94],"different":[96],"human":[97],"pressures":[98],"and/or":[99],"climate":[100],"change.":[101],"The":[102],"Landsat":[103,119,156],"satellites":[105],"have":[106],"operated":[107],"for":[108,124],"40":[109],"years.":[110],"In":[111],"current":[113,172],"study,":[114],"we":[115],"tested":[116],"if":[117],"sensors":[120],"could":[121],"be":[122,175],"used":[123,176],"mapping":[125],"shallow":[129],"water":[130],"macroalgae.":[132],"study":[134],"was":[135],"carried":[136],"out":[137],"two":[139],"sites":[140],"West":[143],"Estonian":[144],"Archipelago,":[145],"northeastern":[148],"Baltic":[149],"Sea.":[150],"Our":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154],"imagery":[157],"accurately":[158],"reflected":[159],"both":[160],"temporal":[163],"To":[169],"conclude,":[170],"methodology":[173],"can":[174],"improve":[178],"existing":[180],"assessments":[181],"cover,":[185],"or":[186],"estimate":[188],"values,":[191],"areas":[193],"times":[195],"lacking":[196],"observations.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2020-06-19T00:00:00"}
