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HOWEVER  ALTHOUGH WE CURRENTLY HAVE SATELLITE-DERIVED GLOBAL DATA FIELDS OF THE SURFACE MOMENTUM  HEAT  AND MOISTURE  FLUXES  SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY FRONTS  AND WAVE INFORMATION  THERE HAS SO FAR NOT BEEN A CONCERTED EFFORT TO ATTEMPT TO  COMBINE THIS INFORMATION WITH OUR THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING AND IN SITU OBSERVATIONS OF MIXING MAGNITUDES TO DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS  POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE AN ESTIMATION OF THE TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF MIXING AT A LEVEL OF ACCURACY THAT WOULD ALLOW FOR INCREASED SCIENTIFIC  UNDERSTANDING.  THE SOUTHERN OCEAN MIXED LAYER IN PARTICULAR IS AN AREA OF GLOBAL CLIMATIC IMPORTANCE  BUT ONE IN WHICH LARGE UNCERTAINTIES STILL  REMAIN  AS THE SOUTHERN OCEAN EXHIBITS LARGE BIASES IN MIXED LAYER DEPTHS IN MOST CLIMATE MODELS. THE MOC  AS A FUNDAMENTAL  COMPONENT OF THE CLIMATE SYSTEM THAT CONNECTS THE EARTH'S OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE  KNOWLEDGE OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MIXING  RATES  ESPECIALLY IN THE SURFACE BOUNDARY LAYER  PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE GLOBAL MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING  CIRCULATION  WHICH IS CRUCIALLY MODIFIED BY OCEAN MASSES IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN  AND IS FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENT OF THE CLIMATE SYSTEM  THAT CONNECTS THE EARTH'S OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE  THROUGH THE TRANSPORT OF HEAT FROM LOW TO HIGH LATITUDES AND ATMOSPHERIC CARBON  INTO THE DEEP OCEAN.   THE SOUTHERN OCEAN ALSO PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE GLOBAL OCEAN CARBON UPTAKE  DUE IN PART TO THE ESTIMATED INCREASES OF SURFACE  MIXING ATTRIBUTED TO THE STRONG WINDS IN THIS REGION. THE DEPTH AND STRENGTH OF MIXING IN THIS REGION STRONGLY AFFECTS THE UPPER OCEAN  HEAT BUDGET. THUS  THE SURFACE FORCING IN COMBINATION WITH MIXING REGULATES THE FLUX OF HEAT  FRESHWATER  CARBON  AND NUTRIENTS BETWEEN  THE SURFACE AND DEEP OCEAN.  GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF MIXING IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN  THE QUESTIONS STILL REMAINING REGARDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MIXING  PROFILES AND THE SURFACE FORCING IN THIS REGION  AND OUR ABILITY TO ADDRESS THESE USING A COMBINATION OF SATELLITE AND MICROSTRUCTURE  DATA  WE PROPOSE TO USE A COMBINATION OF SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF SURFACE FLUXES AND WAVE AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE STATES AND IN  SITU MICROSTRUCTURE MEASUREMENTS TO FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF UPPER OCEAN MIXING AND TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH SATELLITE  OBSERVATIONS OF THE SURFACE BUOYANCY AND MOMENTUM FLUXES CAN PROVIDE AN ESTIMATE OF THE UPPER OCEAN MIXING. WE WILL THEN USE  SATELLITE DATA TO PROVIDE A TIME-VARYING SOUTHERN OCEAN ESTIMATE OF THE UPPER OCEAN MIXING WITH UNCERTAINTY INFORMATION.  THIS WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED BY USING COLLOCATED SATELLITE-DERIVED SURFACE BUOYANCY AND MOMENTUM FLUXES  SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHTS  AND  SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE WITH OUR EXTENSIVE MICROSTRUCTURE DATA IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN TO EVALUATE AND PARAMETERIZE THE STRUCTURE  OF DISSIPATION IN THE OCEAN BOUNDARY LAYER. THIS PARAMETERIZATION WILL BE USED WITH SURFACE FORCING FROM THE SATELLITE DATA FIELDS TO  PRODUCE A 15-YEAR CLIMATOLOGY OF MIXING IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN REGION. RESULTS WILL BE COMPARED WITH AN ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN MIXED  LAYER DEPTHS FROM ARGO REPEAT PROFILES.  IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THESE OBJECTIVES  WE HAVE ASSEMBLED A TEAM WITH STRONG EXPERTISE IN THE  SATELLITE PRODUCTS  UPPER OCEAN MIXING  MICROSTRUCTURE MEASUREMENTS  AND ARGO DATA ANALYSIS.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K0778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G755208018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K1256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8152108330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA19OAR4310376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337557","funder_display_name":"Climate Program Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8553967752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC19K0059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G858748591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PLR \u20101425989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G866823678","display_name":"OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF OCEAN DYNAMICS HAS BENEFITTED TREMENDOUSLY FROM 2+ DECADES OF SATELLITE ALTIMETRY AND THE ARCHIVAGE  VALIDATION ET INTERPRETATION DES DONNEES DES SATELLITES OCEANOGRAPHIQUES (AVISO) DATA SETS THAT HAVE MERGED THE IRREGULARLY SPACED MEASUREMENTS OF MULTIPLE ALTIMETERS INTO GRIDDED PRODUCTS THAT ARE USED BY VIRTUALLY THE ENTIRE INTERNATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH COMMUNITY. KNOWLEDGE OF THE DOMINANT OCEANIC DYNAMICS HAS ADVANCED TO THE POINT WHERE WE NOW CAN CONSIDER REFINEMENTS TO THE COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS AND OPTIMAL INTERPOLATION ALGORITHMS THAT MIGHT REDUCE MAPPING ERRORS AND ADMIT ADDITIONAL DYNAMICAL FEATURES THAT ARE ADEQUATELY SAMPLED BY SATELLITE ALTIMETERS  BUT POORLY REPRESENTED IN THE CURRENT AVISO PRODUCTS. THREE DISTINCT DYNAMICAL PROCESSES MOTIVATE AND WILL SERVE AS CASE STUDIES TO GUIDE OUR WORK ON THIS. IN OUR CURRENT OSTST PROJECT WE HAVE BEEN RECONCILING OBSERVATIONS FROM SATELLITE ALTIMETRY WITH NUMERICAL PROCESS MODEL OUTPUT  AND SOME SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES HAVE ARISEN THAT MOTIVATE THE PRESENT PROPOSAL. STRONG EVIDENCE FOR 30-35 DAY BAROTROPIC ROSSBY WAVES RADIATING NORTHWARD FROM TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES (TIWS) WAS PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED BY THE PI. OUR MORE DETAILED RECENT ANALYSIS OF THE GRIDDED AVISO PRODUCT SHOWS THAT SSH VARIABILITY COHERENT WITH THE TIWS CAN BE FOUND THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE NORTH PACIFIC; AS FAR POLEWARD AS THE GULF OF ALASKA AND THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. THE IMPLICATION THAT THIS WIDE-SPREAD COHERENCE IS DUE TO THE PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED BAROTROPIC ROSSBY WAVES IS SUPPORTED BY THE COHERENCE PATTERNS  WITH ONE PUZZLING EXCEPTION. THE OBSERVED SSH VARIANCE IN THIS PERIOD BAND DECREASES BY A FACTOR OF ABOUT 100 IN THE 20-40  LATITUDE BAND  AND IT INCREASES AGAIN AFTER THE WAVES PROPAGATE THROUGH THE REGION AND REACH HIGHER LATITUDES. WE FOLLOWED SEVERAL CONJECTURES FOR EXPLAINING THIS BEHAVIOR  BUT WE WERE UNABLE TO REPRODUCE THIS LOCALIZED MINIMUM WITH PROCESS MODELS OR COME UP WITH A PLAUSIBLE WAY OF RATIONALIZING ITS EXISTENCE. WE ONLY RECENTLY DISCOVERED THAT THE MINIMUM IS PRODUCED BY THE SPATIAL DEPENDENCE OF THE TIME SCALES INCORPORATED IN AVISO S OBJECTIVE MAPPING ALGORITHM. AN INDEPENDENT MAPPING OF THE ALONG-TRACK DATA WITH A SPATIALLY UNIFORM MAPPING TIMESCALE PRODUCES MUCH BETTER AGREEMENT WITH MODEL PREDICTIONS AND PHYSICAL REASONING. THE ABOVE EXAMPLE HIGHLIGHTS A PARTICULAR LIMITATION RESULTING FROM THE ASSUMPTIONS THAT GO INTO THE AVISO GRIDDED ALTIMETRY PRODUCT. ANOTHER POTENTIAL WEAKNESS CONCERNS ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT SSH PROPAGATION SPEEDS. AT EACH LOCATION  THE AVISO MAPPING SCHEME ASSUMES A PROPAGATION SPEED BASED ON THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS. WHILE THIS MAY REPRESENT THE DOMINANT PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS AT MOST LATITUDES  THERE ARE IMPORTANT REGIONS OF THE WORLD OCEANS (THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND THE KUROSHIO EXTENSION  FOR EXAMPLE) WHERE SIMULTANEOUS EASTWARD AND WESTWARD PROPAGATION CAN BE BOTH PREDICTED AND OBSERVED  BUT IS NOT HANDLED CONSISTENTLY IN THE A PRIORI AUTOCOVARIANCE FUNCTION USED FOR THE AVISO MAPPING. WE HAVE DISCUSSED THESE ISSUES WITH THE PERSONNEL AT CLS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE AVISO/DUACS PROCESSING  AND HAVE DEVELOPED A COLLABORATIVE PLAN TO WORK TOWARD IMPROVING THE AVISO MAPPING ALGORITHM. OUR PART OF THE EFFORT WILL ENTAIL DYNAMICAL MODELING AND INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF AVAILABLE ALONG-TRACK ALTIMETRY DATA TO QUANTITATIVELY DESCRIBE AND UNDERSTAND OCEAN DYNAMICS PRESENTLY NOT REPRESENTED IN THE AVISO MAPPING AUTOCOVARIANCE FUNCTIONS AND SUBSEQUENT WORK TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT WAYS OF HANDLING SUCH SIGNALS IN AN OBJECTIVE MAPPING TO PRODUCE AN IMPROVED SSH PRODUCT.","funder_award_id":"NNX17AH54G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8954295503","display_name":"Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)","funder_award_id":"1425989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306146","display_name":"Andrew W. 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