{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033158780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111793","title":"The Context-Dependent Effect of Urban Form on Air Pollution: A Panel Data Analysis","display_name":"The Context-Dependent Effect of Urban Form on Air Pollution: A Panel Data Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033158780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111793","mag":"3033158780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12111793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111793","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1793/pdf?version=1591095869","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1793/pdf?version=1591095869","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007689246","display_name":"Ze Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-5009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-5009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101935686","display_name":"Feili Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-4701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feili Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009879060","display_name":"Yueyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-2191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-2191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629016","display_name":"Jiao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-499X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101678873","display_name":"Hong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0140-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109511955","display_name":"Fuyue Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuyue Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101911177","display_name":"Shuangcheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-2502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuangcheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101911177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87573625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"1793","last_page":"1793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"Fractal dimension","score":0.7106490731239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-density","display_name":"Population density","score":0.6696359515190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.5641062259674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.525081992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5218995213508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-data","display_name":"Panel data","score":0.48115527629852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.47766217589378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4636825919151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-agglomeration","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","score":0.43549448251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4185140132904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3273906111717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.3264683187007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.2717345654964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.236221045255661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.2100640833377838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.14448848366737366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.7106490731239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199733313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22856","display_name":"Population density","level":3,"score":0.6696359515190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.5641062259674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.525081992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5218995213508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.48115527629852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.47766217589378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4636825919151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154611951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393233","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.43549448251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4185140132904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3273906111717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.3264683187007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.2717345654964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.236221045255661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.2100640833377838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.14448848366737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12111793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111793","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1793/pdf?version=1591095869","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:789aafe4d5ec4932919df9edad09cc0e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/789aafe4d5ec4932919df9edad09cc0e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 1793 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/11/1793/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 11; Pages: 1793","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12111793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111793","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/11/1793/pdf?version=1591095869","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5696412975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41590843","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033158780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033158780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31265614","https://openalex.org/W1266728252","https://openalex.org/W1596513476","https://openalex.org/W1652084183","https://openalex.org/W1977091958","https://openalex.org/W1977356088","https://openalex.org/W1985988939","https://openalex.org/W1992007841","https://openalex.org/W1997377657","https://openalex.org/W2000902737","https://openalex.org/W2005828912","https://openalex.org/W2012428181","https://openalex.org/W2016651568","https://openalex.org/W2023307338","https://openalex.org/W2026631551","https://openalex.org/W2031490292","https://openalex.org/W2042608495","https://openalex.org/W2046065793","https://openalex.org/W2046445369","https://openalex.org/W2056720463","https://openalex.org/W2064681431","https://openalex.org/W2078206416","https://openalex.org/W2080464207","https://openalex.org/W2099304543","https://openalex.org/W2100794062","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2116200982","https://openalex.org/W2123856384","https://openalex.org/W2130042267","https://openalex.org/W2134915282","https://openalex.org/W2144486346","https://openalex.org/W2310114729","https://openalex.org/W2318032265","https://openalex.org/W2323917133","https://openalex.org/W2330583268","https://openalex.org/W2415606940","https://openalex.org/W2440994461","https://openalex.org/W2494035975","https://openalex.org/W2568589931","https://openalex.org/W2602110992","https://openalex.org/W2618411104","https://openalex.org/W2725525241","https://openalex.org/W2742864719","https://openalex.org/W2745108377","https://openalex.org/W2755094344","https://openalex.org/W2792858571","https://openalex.org/W2793361285","https://openalex.org/W2796409515","https://openalex.org/W2808610839","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2921681752","https://openalex.org/W2947368383","https://openalex.org/W2951956664","https://openalex.org/W2985566002","https://openalex.org/W3045058852","https://openalex.org/W6752546773","https://openalex.org/W6760558724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394117909","https://openalex.org/W2896054214","https://openalex.org/W2355197944","https://openalex.org/W2017118246","https://openalex.org/W2354661593","https://openalex.org/W2382240109","https://openalex.org/W2368475191","https://openalex.org/W2391311021","https://openalex.org/W2389188284","https://openalex.org/W2026209355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"have":[1,90],"been":[2],"debates":[3],"and":[4,51,70,87,122,140,160,193,221],"a":[5,109,216],"lack":[6],"of":[7,13,26,43,67,138,145,155,167,183,190,198],"understanding":[8],"about":[9],"the":[10,22,30,41,64,74,80,103,126,135,146,168,172,209,212],"complex":[11],"effects":[12,42],"urban-scale":[14],"urban":[15,44],"form":[16,45],"on":[17,21,46,93,112,176],"air":[18,94,213],"pollution.":[19],"Based":[20],"remotely":[23],"sensed":[24],"data":[25],"150":[27],"cities":[28],"in":[29,33,96,215],"Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei":[31],"agglomeration":[32],"China":[34],"from":[35,56],"2000":[36],"to":[37],"2015,":[38],"we":[39],"studied":[40],"fine":[47],"particulate":[48],"matter":[49],"(PM2.5)":[50],"nitrogen":[52],"dioxide":[53],"(NO2)":[54],"concentrations":[55],"multiple":[57],"perspectives.":[58],"The":[59,143,165,201],"panel":[60],"models":[61],"show":[62,125,205],"that":[63,170,206],"elastic":[65],"coefficients":[66],"aggregation":[68,85,163,224],"index":[69],"fractal":[71,88,120],"dimension":[72,89],"are":[73],"highest":[75],"among":[76],"all":[77],"factors":[78],"for":[79],"whole":[81],"region.":[82],"Population":[83,106],"density,":[84,185,192,211],"index,":[86],"stronger":[91,110],"influences":[92],"pollution":[95,214],"small":[97],"cities,":[98,114],"while":[99,115],"area":[100,123],"size":[101,124],"demonstrates":[102],"opposite":[104,127],"effect.":[105,128],"density":[107,132,159],"has":[108],"impact":[111],"medium/high-elevation":[113],"night":[116],"light":[117],"intensity":[118],"(NLI),":[119],"dimension,":[121],"Low":[129],"road":[130],"network":[131],"can":[133],"enlarge":[134],"influence":[136],"magnitude":[137],"NLI":[139,161,175],"population":[141,158,184,191,199,210],"density.":[142,200],"results":[144,203],"linear":[147],"regression":[148],"model":[149],"with":[150,218],"multiplicative":[151],"interactions":[152,156],"provide":[153],"evidence":[154],"between":[157,174],"or":[162],"index.":[164],"slope":[166],"line":[169],"captures":[171],"relationship":[173],"PM2.5":[177],"is":[178],"positive":[179],"at":[180,187,195],"low":[181,219,222],"levels":[182,189,197],"flat":[186],"medium":[188],"negative":[194],"high":[196],"study":[202],"also":[204],"when":[207],"increasing":[208],"city":[217],"economic":[220],"morphological":[223],"degrees":[225],"will":[226],"be":[227],"impacted":[228],"more":[229],"greatly.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}