{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124685443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101611","title":"A Comparative Study of Water Indices and Image Classification Algorithms for Mapping Inland Surface Water Bodies Using Landsat Imagery","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Water Indices and Image Classification Algorithms for Mapping Inland Surface Water Bodies Using Landsat Imagery","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124685443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101611","mag":"3124685443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12101611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101611","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1611/pdf?version=1589874215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1611/pdf?version=1589874215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046352976","display_name":"Feifei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041596163","display_name":"Xiaohuan Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohuan Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113223840","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9145-833X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046352976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.8786,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91805461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"1611","last_page":"1611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otsus-method","display_name":"Otsu's method","score":0.6011008620262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5765224099159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5333003997802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5043126344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.502312421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.48787784576416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4260904788970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3985641598701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.25387221574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21478936076164246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21729346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2444417","display_name":"Otsu's method","level":4,"score":0.6011008620262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5765224099159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5333003997802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5043126344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.502312421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.48787784576416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4260904788970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3985641598701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.25387221574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21478936076164246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12101611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101611","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1611/pdf?version=1589874215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc1934183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1934183/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 12(10), Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, May 18, 2020, p. 1-18","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:215d276401c04aa3a88c8a12022e89bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/215d276401c04aa3a88c8a12022e89bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 1611 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/10/1611/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 10; Pages: 1611","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12101611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101611","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1611/pdf?version=1589874215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1951058621","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018AA13005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2520224970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41628101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015205193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335574","display_name":"Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Scholars and Scholars in Hong Kong and Macao","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124685443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124685443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515173626","https://openalex.org/W1581347830","https://openalex.org/W1631149859","https://openalex.org/W1807107048","https://openalex.org/W1971932876","https://openalex.org/W1978597161","https://openalex.org/W1982206826","https://openalex.org/W1987792146","https://openalex.org/W1995581599","https://openalex.org/W1999070250","https://openalex.org/W2026975227","https://openalex.org/W2028734321","https://openalex.org/W2032358162","https://openalex.org/W2036826963","https://openalex.org/W2036841511","https://openalex.org/W2040225117","https://openalex.org/W2046011413","https://openalex.org/W2061082263","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2087407742","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2130072952","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2148177721","https://openalex.org/W2173027301","https://openalex.org/W2334961280","https://openalex.org/W2469114702","https://openalex.org/W2506918163","https://openalex.org/W2529064413","https://openalex.org/W2580774552","https://openalex.org/W2604937949","https://openalex.org/W2606340910","https://openalex.org/W2612082997","https://openalex.org/W2619527730","https://openalex.org/W2784385846","https://openalex.org/W2806143400","https://openalex.org/W2811310577","https://openalex.org/W2919367567","https://openalex.org/W2942775612","https://openalex.org/W2944196898","https://openalex.org/W2945754789","https://openalex.org/W2955914832","https://openalex.org/W4300952079","https://openalex.org/W6630670034","https://openalex.org/W6660427834","https://openalex.org/W6662097397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389939771","https://openalex.org/W4390770175","https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W3006513224","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W2981960317","https://openalex.org/W2046456988","https://openalex.org/W2357409937","https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W2803457939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"comparative":[1],"study":[2,152],"of":[3,139],"water":[4,13,86,95,169,238,252],"indices":[5,96],"and":[6,27,54,92,111,117,195,229,244,258],"image":[7,75,125,133,142,164,183],"classification":[8,76,126,143,165,184,189],"algorithms":[9,127,190],"for":[10,70,130,167,240,254],"mapping":[11],"inland":[12],"bodies":[14,170],"using":[15],"Landsat":[16,74,141,172],"imagery":[17,173],"was":[18],"carried":[19],"out":[20],"through":[21],"obtaining":[22],"24":[23,48],"high-resolution":[24],"(\u22645":[25],"m)":[26],"cloud-free":[28],"images":[29,46,69],"archived":[30],"in":[31,100],"Google":[32,67],"Earth":[33,68],"with":[34,145,180],"the":[35,43,52,60,66,73,81,132,146,175,181,187,193,203,207,216,220,226,231,236,241,245,250,256],"same":[36],"(or":[37],"\u00b11":[38],"day)":[39],"acquisition":[40],"dates":[41],"as":[42,192,202],"Landsat-8":[44,88],"OLI":[45],"over":[47],"selected":[49],"lakes":[50],"across":[51],"globe,":[53],"developing":[55],"a":[56,137],"method":[57,110,209,222],"to":[58,80,160],"generate":[59],"alternate":[61,147],"ground":[62,148],"truth":[63,149],"data":[64],"from":[65,171],"properly":[71],"evaluating":[72],"results.":[77],"In":[78],"addition":[79],"commonly":[82],"used":[83],"green":[84],"band-based":[85,94,233,247],"indices,":[87],"OLI\u2019s":[89],"ultra-blue,":[90],"blue,":[91],"red":[93],"were":[97,128],"also":[98],"tested":[99],"this":[101,151],"research.":[102],"Two":[103],"unsupervised":[104,188],"(the":[105,120],"zero-water":[106],"index":[107,239,253],"threshold":[108,114],"H0":[109,194,208,227,242],"Otsu\u2019s":[112],"automatic":[113],"selection":[115],"method)":[116,124],"one":[118],"supervised":[119,163,182],"k-nearest":[121],"neighbor":[122],"(KNN)":[123],"employed":[129],"conducting":[131],"classification.":[134],"Through":[135],"comparing":[136],"total":[138],"2880":[140],"results":[144],"data,":[150],"showed":[153],"that":[154],"(1)":[155],"it":[156],"is":[157,223,235,249],"not":[158],"necessary":[159],"use":[161],"some":[162],"methods":[166,197],"extracting":[168],"given":[174],"high":[176],"computational":[177],"cost":[178],"associated":[179],"algorithms;":[185],"(2)":[186],"such":[191],"Otsu":[196,217,221,257],"could":[198],"achieve":[199],"comparable":[200],"accuracy":[201],"KNN":[204,259],"method,":[205,218,243],"although":[206],"produced":[210],"more":[211],"large":[212],"error":[213],"outliers":[214],"than":[215,225],"thus":[219],"better":[224],"method;":[228],"(3)":[230],"ultra-blue":[232,246],"AWEInsuB":[234],"best":[237,251],"MNDWI2uB":[248],"both":[255],"methods.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
