{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025969578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101591","title":"National Scale Spatial Variation in Artificial Light at Night","display_name":"National Scale Spatial Variation in Artificial Light at Night","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025969578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101591","mag":"3025969578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12101591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1591/pdf?version=1590154836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1591/pdf?version=1590154836","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087688439","display_name":"Daniel T. C. Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3856-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel T.C. Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024886165","display_name":"Alejandro S\u00e1nchez de Miguel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5007-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro S\u00e1nchez de Miguel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046568591","display_name":"Simon Dzurjak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon A. Dzurjak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064059058","display_name":"Jonathan Bennie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-2041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Bennie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069071290","display_name":"Kevin J. Gaston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-7928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Gaston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087688439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8489,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86049222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"1591","last_page":"1591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-pollution","display_name":"Light pollution","score":0.9651122689247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","score":0.7586440443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-light","display_name":"Artificial light","score":0.7050491571426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6523324847221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita","display_name":"Per capita","score":0.6464242339134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.537856936454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-health","display_name":"Human health","score":0.464399129152298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4126642346382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.37220412492752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.35736972093582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.20291385054588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07629036903381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.07589426636695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06485599279403687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161421721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180644","display_name":"Light pollution","level":2,"score":0.9651122689247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948273","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","level":3,"score":0.7586440443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992067456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210064","display_name":"Artificial light","level":3,"score":0.7050491571426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6523324847221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.6464242339134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.537856936454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.464399129152298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4126642346382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.37220412492752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35736972093582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20291385054588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07629036903381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.07589426636695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06485599279403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36365805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194411","display_name":"Illuminance","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12101591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1591/pdf?version=1590154836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9dadd6a8421847c0b676d537a293de4c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9dadd6a8421847c0b676d537a293de4c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 1591 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29768918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/10/1591/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 10; Pages: 1591","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/121046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/121046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3841054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3841054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing 12(10) 1591","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12101591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1591/pdf?version=1590154836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4127454699","display_name":"Mapping ecological risks from the colour spectrum of artificial nighttime lighting using astronaut images of the earth","funder_award_id":"NE/P01156X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5210462203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/P01156X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5872694956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/P01156X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025969578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3025969578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494089036","https://openalex.org/W1509339627","https://openalex.org/W1514910730","https://openalex.org/W1932170633","https://openalex.org/W1963503185","https://openalex.org/W1969972434","https://openalex.org/W1974989605","https://openalex.org/W1975160188","https://openalex.org/W1979075620","https://openalex.org/W1997768284","https://openalex.org/W2001524719","https://openalex.org/W2017708700","https://openalex.org/W2025943354","https://openalex.org/W2030905078","https://openalex.org/W2048971523","https://openalex.org/W2062415757","https://openalex.org/W2068409136","https://openalex.org/W2075008305","https://openalex.org/W2080464207","https://openalex.org/W2080878752","https://openalex.org/W2095253435","https://openalex.org/W2124933019","https://openalex.org/W2143022143","https://openalex.org/W2156127902","https://openalex.org/W2159115516","https://openalex.org/W2163896961","https://openalex.org/W2270807640","https://openalex.org/W2293070506","https://openalex.org/W2304776354","https://openalex.org/W2417517957","https://openalex.org/W2424541753","https://openalex.org/W2467818322","https://openalex.org/W2511241284","https://openalex.org/W2572257651","https://openalex.org/W2573866540","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2584195196","https://openalex.org/W2586054890","https://openalex.org/W2604611657","https://openalex.org/W2612929901","https://openalex.org/W2621030543","https://openalex.org/W2621149426","https://openalex.org/W2623631011","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2734713803","https://openalex.org/W2739698864","https://openalex.org/W2751659343","https://openalex.org/W2755235317","https://openalex.org/W2764236610","https://openalex.org/W2765630225","https://openalex.org/W2781762662","https://openalex.org/W2784259636","https://openalex.org/W2792670451","https://openalex.org/W2795277234","https://openalex.org/W2795663719","https://openalex.org/W2795990427","https://openalex.org/W2796311769","https://openalex.org/W2797952245","https://openalex.org/W2799426468","https://openalex.org/W2802482847","https://openalex.org/W2803840416","https://openalex.org/W2804233742","https://openalex.org/W2804286618","https://openalex.org/W2809303092","https://openalex.org/W2810539334","https://openalex.org/W2821046059","https://openalex.org/W2857052528","https://openalex.org/W2890275058","https://openalex.org/W2896355825","https://openalex.org/W2896720195","https://openalex.org/W2897500490","https://openalex.org/W2898097391","https://openalex.org/W2908789816","https://openalex.org/W2913821484","https://openalex.org/W2918324989","https://openalex.org/W2922109950","https://openalex.org/W2945782227","https://openalex.org/W2964513694","https://openalex.org/W2968498602","https://openalex.org/W2972518631","https://openalex.org/W2988825649","https://openalex.org/W3006090509","https://openalex.org/W3013208310","https://openalex.org/W3015502491","https://openalex.org/W3022573883","https://openalex.org/W3049606432","https://openalex.org/W3123972695","https://openalex.org/W3215570371","https://openalex.org/W4211243502","https://openalex.org/W6657196232","https://openalex.org/W6753077092","https://openalex.org/W6767740987","https://openalex.org/W6795848648","https://openalex.org/W6912807070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084473810","https://openalex.org/W42898480","https://openalex.org/W4313270975","https://openalex.org/W4380758973","https://openalex.org/W3170962250","https://openalex.org/W4205873425","https://openalex.org/W2375937175","https://openalex.org/W2566109043","https://openalex.org/W2890148413","https://openalex.org/W3025969578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,215],"disruption":[1],"to":[2,49,60,101,206],"natural":[3,20],"light":[4,23,29,38,106,127,137,172,181,201,240],"regimes":[5],"caused":[6],"by":[7,34,39],"outdoor":[8],"artificial":[9,126,171,212],"nighttime":[10],"lighting":[11,213],"has":[12],"significant":[13,168],"impacts":[14,54,238],"on":[15],"human":[16,112,132,234],"health":[17,235],"and":[18,31,42,68,92,108,118,158,228,236],"the":[19,35,46,52,83,93,134,232],"world.":[21],"Artificial":[22,97],"at":[24,128,173],"night":[25,129,174],"takes":[26],"two":[27],"forms,":[28],"emissions":[30,149,219],"skyglow":[32,162,199],"(caused":[33],"scattering":[36],"of":[37,96,136,191,198,239],"water,":[40],"dust":[41],"gas":[43],"molecules":[44],"in":[45,104,120,153,170,220],"atmosphere).":[47],"Key":[48],"determining":[50],"where":[51],"biological":[53],"from":[55,82,209],"each":[56],"form":[57],"are":[58],"likely":[59],"be":[61],"experienced":[62],"is":[63,183],"understanding":[64],"their":[65,204],"spatial":[66],"occurrence,":[67],"how":[69],"this":[70],"varies":[71],"with":[72,111,131,141],"other":[73],"landscape":[74],"factors.":[75],"To":[76],"examine":[77],"this,":[78],"we":[79],"used":[80],"data":[81],"Visible":[84],"Infrared":[85],"Imaging":[86],"Radiometer":[87],"Suite":[88],"(VIIRS)":[89],"day/night":[90],"band":[91],"World":[94],"Atlas":[95],"Night":[98],"Sky":[99],"Brightness,":[100],"determine":[102],"covariation":[103],"(a)":[105],"emissions,":[107,202],"(b)":[109],"skyglow,":[110],"population":[113],"density,":[114,133],"landcover,":[115],"protected":[116],"areas":[117,224],"roads":[119],"Britain.":[121],"We":[122],"demonstrate":[123],"that,":[124],"although":[125],"increases":[130],"amount":[135],"per":[138,145,159,217],"person":[139],"decreases":[140],"increasing":[142],"urbanization":[143],"(with":[144],"capita":[146,160,218],"median":[147,161],"direct":[148],"three":[150],"times":[151,164],"greater":[152],"rural":[154,221],"than":[155,200,222],"urban":[156,187,223],"populations,":[157],"eleven":[163],"greater).":[165],"There":[166],"was":[167],"variation":[169],"within":[175],"different":[176,226],"landcover":[177],"types,":[178],"emphasizing":[179],"that":[180,211],"pollution":[182],"not":[184],"a":[185],"solely":[186],"issue.":[188],"Further,":[189],"half":[190],"English":[192],"National":[193],"Parks":[194],"have":[195],"higher":[196,216],"levels":[197],"indicating":[203],"failure":[205],"buffer":[207],"biodiversity":[208],"pressures":[210],"poses.":[214],"provide":[225],"challenges":[227],"opportunities":[229],"for":[230],"mitigating":[231],"negative":[233],"environmental":[237],"pollution.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
