{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016572876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081266","title":"Vessel Tracking Using Bistatic Compact HFSWR","display_name":"Vessel Tracking Using Bistatic Compact HFSWR","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016572876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081266","mag":"3016572876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12081266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081266","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/8/1266/pdf?version=1587884587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/8/1266/pdf?version=1587884587","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054368442","display_name":"Weifeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-6483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-6483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088765386","display_name":"Mengjie Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090385470","display_name":"Weimin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-5041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008752803","display_name":"Yonggang Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3264-8560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonggang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3264-8560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017396320","display_name":"Yongshou Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongshou Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054368442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":20.477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98626003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"8","first_page":"1266","last_page":"1266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.9340676069259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6458121538162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47448065876960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.421996533870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3681849241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.33008497953414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3199695348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2959885001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21627876162528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1580212414264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.1001182496547699}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.9340676069259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6458121538162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47448065876960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.421996533870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3681849241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33008497953414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3199695348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2959885001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21627876162528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1580212414264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.1001182496547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12081266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081266","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/8/1266/pdf?version=1587884587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53d6c2c62c6943f29eaff74ebe1d2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53d6c2c62c6943f29eaff74ebe1d2026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 8, p 1266 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/8/1266/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 8; Pages: 1266","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12081266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081266","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/8/1266/pdf?version=1587884587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2665568210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19CX02046A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4274574935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501520, 61831010, 61671166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4345063055","display_name":"T/R-T/R\u4f53\u5236\u53cc\u57fa\u5730\u7d27\u51d1\u578b\u5730\u6ce2\u96f7\u8fbe\u6d77\u4e0a\u76ee\u6807\u822a\u8ff9\u591a\u65b9\u4f4d\u63a2\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7529885787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19CX02046A, 17CX02079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7841262232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17CX02079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8113713651","display_name":"\u5929\u6ce2\u53d1\u5c04\u8239\u8f7d\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9ad8\u9891\u96f7\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u534f\u540c\u63a2\u6d4b\u673a\u7406\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61831010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8917139718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016572876.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016572876.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507647874","https://openalex.org/W1925854929","https://openalex.org/W1965465437","https://openalex.org/W1975831529","https://openalex.org/W1976085455","https://openalex.org/W1983742216","https://openalex.org/W1989818268","https://openalex.org/W1991988645","https://openalex.org/W1999890569","https://openalex.org/W1999958113","https://openalex.org/W2011831725","https://openalex.org/W2013731599","https://openalex.org/W2018065034","https://openalex.org/W2038355264","https://openalex.org/W2039642837","https://openalex.org/W2046693761","https://openalex.org/W2052430272","https://openalex.org/W2096980219","https://openalex.org/W2105912452","https://openalex.org/W2105947954","https://openalex.org/W2131569858","https://openalex.org/W2146081334","https://openalex.org/W2155443879","https://openalex.org/W2163008243","https://openalex.org/W2186350393","https://openalex.org/W2236034700","https://openalex.org/W2338359272","https://openalex.org/W2474917794","https://openalex.org/W2479662416","https://openalex.org/W2608103995","https://openalex.org/W2619573578","https://openalex.org/W2754742056","https://openalex.org/W2760007268","https://openalex.org/W2797039605","https://openalex.org/W2799178992","https://openalex.org/W2803384758","https://openalex.org/W2980227853","https://openalex.org/W2980308118","https://openalex.org/W3000173795","https://openalex.org/W6640343547","https://openalex.org/W6676032533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004765814","https://openalex.org/W2950419692","https://openalex.org/W1636544497","https://openalex.org/W2034611846","https://openalex.org/W2051186205","https://openalex.org/W2124163150","https://openalex.org/W2545704177","https://openalex.org/W2554356744","https://openalex.org/W2059918983","https://openalex.org/W2187902722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bistatic":[0],"and":[1,38,51,66,75,112,119,135,144,156],"multi-static":[2],"high-frequency":[3],"surface":[4,16],"wave":[5],"radar":[6],"(HFSWR)":[7],"is":[8,102],"becoming":[9],"a":[10,42,70,80,93,99],"prospective":[11],"development":[12],"trend":[13],"for":[14],"sea":[15],"surveillance":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,98,150],"its":[20],"potential":[21,149],"in":[22,128],"extending":[23],"the":[24,28,35,60,63,85,125,132,148,152,158],"coverage":[25],"area,":[26],"improving":[27],"detection":[29,37,159],"accuracy,":[30],"etc.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"vessel":[36],"tracking":[39,95,107,130],"performance":[40,127],"of":[41,62,79,87,131],"newly":[43],"developed":[44],"bistatic":[45,71,100,113,133,145],"compact":[46],"HFSWR":[47,72,101,114,134,140],"system":[48,141],"whose":[49],"transmitting":[50],"receiving":[52],"antennas":[53],"are":[54,117],"not":[55],"co-located":[56],"was":[57,73],"investigated.":[58],"Firstly,":[59],"representation":[61],"target":[64,88,94,106,129,153],"range":[65],"Doppler":[67],"velocity":[68],"concerning":[69],"derived":[74],"compared":[76],"with":[77],"that":[78,138],"monostatic":[81,111,143],"system.":[82],"Next,":[83],"taking":[84],"characteristics":[86],"kinematic":[89],"parameters":[90],"into":[91],"account,":[92],"method":[96],"applicable":[97],"proposed.":[103],"The":[104,121],"simultaneous":[105],"results":[108,123],"from":[109],"both":[110],"field":[115],"data":[116],"presented":[118],"compared.":[120],"experimental":[122],"demonstrate":[124],"good":[126],"also":[136],"show":[137],"an":[139],"combining":[142],"modes":[146],"has":[147],"enhance":[151],"track":[154],"continuity":[155],"improve":[157],"accuracy.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}