{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011200639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","title":"Predicting Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in the Greater London Area: An Ensemble Approach using Machine Learning Methods","display_name":"Predicting Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in the Greater London Area: An Ensemble Approach using Machine Learning Methods","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011200639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","mag":"3011200639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12060914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/6/914/pdf?version=1584017543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/6/914/pdf?version=1584017543","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025460603","display_name":"Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-1600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089399491","display_name":"Zheng Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-8371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738181","display_name":"Foundation Medicine (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ackr434","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I4392738181"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02141, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02141, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072460337","display_name":"Konstantina Dimakopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-0448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantina Dimakopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029517450","display_name":"Benjamin Barratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-0426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Barratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK","MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077645381","display_name":"Esra S\u00fcel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-3966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144913","display_name":"Environmental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0590fg074","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esra Suel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Environmental Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Environmental Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984","https://openalex.org/I4210144913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039033866","display_name":"Heresh Amini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-1322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["DK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heresh Amini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021452248","display_name":"Alexei Lyapustin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-5739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei Lyapustin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081228484","display_name":"Klea Katsouyanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-9575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GB","GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klea Katsouyanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece","MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK","MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046557560","display_name":"Joel Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-378X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025460603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":8.2533,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98741021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"914","last_page":"914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11244","display_name":"Climate Change and Health Impacts","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.8492977619171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.737554132938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.7170673608779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5299514532089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5040141940116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5028600096702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.48409831523895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46173015236854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43748411536216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulates","display_name":"Particulates","score":0.4296639859676361}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.8492977619171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.737554132938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.7170673608779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5299514532089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5040141940116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5028600096702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.48409831523895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46173015236854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43748411536216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.4296639859676361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12060914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/6/914/pdf?version=1584017543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/f7c43d4e-ede6-4462-b9c6-4bb70ae88f21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/f7c43d4e-ede6-4462-b9c6-4bb70ae88f21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Yazdi, M D, Kuang, Z, Dimakopoulou, K, Barratt, B, Suel, E, Amini, H, Lyapustin, A, Katsouyanni, K & Schwartz, J 2020, 'Predicting fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the greater london area : An ensemble approach using machine learning methods', REMOTE SENSING, vol. 12, no. 6, 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/f4b9c190-22e6-4308-a78b-9dea9587cc7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/f4b9c190-22e6-4308-a78b-9dea9587cc7a","pdf_url":"https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/240736343/Predicting_Fine_Particulate_Matter_PM2.5_in_the_Greater_London_Area.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Yazdi , M D , Kuang , Z , Dimakopoulou , K , Barratt , B , Suel , E , Amini , H , Lyapustin , A , Katsouyanni , K & Schwartz , J 2020 , ' Predicting Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in the Greater London Area : An Ensemble Approach using Machine Learning Methods ' , Remote Sensing , vol. 12 , no. 6 , 914 . https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67eeb8e96a944d37b9b1e5eae0390e12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67eeb8e96a944d37b9b1e5eae0390e12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 914 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/6/914/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 914","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f4b9c190-22e6-4308-a78b-9dea9587cc7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/predicting-fine-particulate-matter-pm25-in-the-greater-london-area(f4b9c190-22e6-4308-a78b-9dea9587cc7a).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/77666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/77666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"18","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12060914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060914","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/6/914/pdf?version=1584017543","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1502031688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/S019669/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2507886632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/N014464/1.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6150857786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/S003983/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6700566670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/N014464/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011200639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011200639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291729710","https://openalex.org/W590735017","https://openalex.org/W1509394031","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1976991085","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W1987098847","https://openalex.org/W1992674983","https://openalex.org/W2036850118","https://openalex.org/W2039230147","https://openalex.org/W2066387723","https://openalex.org/W2066544083","https://openalex.org/W2069977802","https://openalex.org/W2075924373","https://openalex.org/W2080010520","https://openalex.org/W2092998278","https://openalex.org/W2103639573","https://openalex.org/W2108162680","https://openalex.org/W2146137933","https://openalex.org/W2161044029","https://openalex.org/W2289128632","https://openalex.org/W2294879709","https://openalex.org/W2316257305","https://openalex.org/W2318698569","https://openalex.org/W2323483937","https://openalex.org/W2460142007","https://openalex.org/W2477275132","https://openalex.org/W2529044732","https://openalex.org/W2562498870","https://openalex.org/W2564517107","https://openalex.org/W2588978790","https://openalex.org/W2590493644","https://openalex.org/W2617655798","https://openalex.org/W2725857760","https://openalex.org/W2745996282","https://openalex.org/W2800133189","https://openalex.org/W2804076223","https://openalex.org/W2804926452","https://openalex.org/W2809802736","https://openalex.org/W2812669263","https://openalex.org/W2885419738","https://openalex.org/W2886018637","https://openalex.org/W2898407312","https://openalex.org/W2899794580","https://openalex.org/W2901206819","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2950971871","https://openalex.org/W2953978338","https://openalex.org/W2954586028","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2970715214","https://openalex.org/W2992499946","https://openalex.org/W2996331566","https://openalex.org/W2997662665","https://openalex.org/W3023037042","https://openalex.org/W4233056867","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6696332616","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W7073540256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967733078","https://openalex.org/W3204430031","https://openalex.org/W3137904399","https://openalex.org/W4310492845","https://openalex.org/W2885778889","https://openalex.org/W4310224730","https://openalex.org/W4386690025","https://openalex.org/W4289703016","https://openalex.org/W2885516856","https://openalex.org/W4296079469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"air":[1],"pollution":[2],"exposure":[3,31],"has":[4],"long":[5],"been":[6],"a":[7,35,51,93,113,117,123,135,183],"challenge":[8],"for":[9,54],"environmental":[10],"health":[11,40],"researchers.":[12],"Technological":[13],"advances":[14],"and":[15,28,42,85,122,152],"novel":[16],"machine":[17,74,111,120,144],"learning":[18,75],"methods":[19],"have":[20,49],"allowed":[21],"us":[22],"to":[23,67,176,190,193],"increase":[24],"the":[25,59,142,146,150,194],"geographic":[26],"range":[27],"accuracy":[29],"of":[30,45,139,171,185],"models,":[32],"making":[33],"them":[34],"valuable":[36],"tool":[37],"in":[38,58,163,198,201],"conducting":[39],"studies":[41],"identifying":[43],"hotspots":[44],"pollution.":[46],"Here,":[47],"we":[48],"created":[50],"prediction":[52],"model":[53,130,155],"daily":[55],"PM2.5":[56,164],"levels":[57,165,200],"Greater":[60],"London":[61],"area":[62],"from":[63,108],"1st":[64],"January":[65],"2005":[66],"31st":[68],"December":[69],"2013":[70],"using":[71],"an":[72,167],"ensemble":[73,105,129],"approach":[76],"incorporating":[77],"satellite":[78],"aerosol":[79],"optical":[80],"depth":[81],"(AOD),":[82],"land":[83],"use,":[84],"meteorological":[86],"data.":[87],"The":[88,104],"predictions":[89,107],"were":[90],"made":[91],"on":[92],"1":[94,97],"km":[95,98],"\u00d7":[96],"scale":[99],"over":[100],"3960":[101],"grid":[102],"cells.":[103],"included":[106],"three":[109,143],"different":[110],"learners:":[112],"random":[114,147],"forest":[115,148],"(RF),":[116],"gradient":[118],"boosting":[119],"(GBM),":[121],"k-nearest":[124],"neighbor":[125],"(KNN)":[126],"approach.":[127],"Our":[128,154],"performed":[131],"very":[132],"well,":[133],"with":[134,166,182],"ten-fold":[136],"cross-validated":[137],"R2":[138,170,184],"0.828.":[140],"Of":[141],"learners,":[145],"outperformed":[149],"GBM":[151],"KNN.":[153],"was":[156,180],"particularly":[157],"adept":[158],"at":[159],"predicting":[160],"day-to-day":[161],"changes":[162],"out-of-sample":[168],"temporal":[169],"0.882.":[172],"However,":[173],"its":[174],"ability":[175],"predict":[177],"spatial":[178,196],"variability":[179],"weaker,":[181],"0.396.":[186],"We":[187],"believe":[188],"this":[189,202],"be":[191],"due":[192],"smaller":[195],"variation":[197],"pollutant":[199],"area.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2020-03-23T00:00:00"}
