{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009294055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050821","title":"Improved Winter Wheat Spatial Distribution Extraction Using A Convolutional Neural Network and Partly Connected Conditional Random Field","display_name":"Improved Winter Wheat Spatial Distribution Extraction Using A Convolutional Neural Network and Partly Connected Conditional Random Field","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009294055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050821","mag":"3009294055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050821","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/821/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/821/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022486615","display_name":"Shouyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-3619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745403","display_name":"Zhigang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-0629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, 28 Nanli Road, Wuhan 430068, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100691052","display_name":"Chengming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9891-7762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101532318","display_name":"Jinghan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-6518"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong taian NO.2 middle school, 6 Hushandong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong taian NO.2 middle school, 6 Hushandong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058243255","display_name":"Zhongshan Mu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongshan Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["South-to-North Water Transfer East route shandong trunk line Co., Ltd., 33399 Jingshidong Road, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South-to-North Water Transfer East route shandong trunk line Co., Ltd., 33399 Jingshidong Road, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048297544","display_name":"Tianyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-4098"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["South-to-North Water Transfer East route shandong trunk line Co., Ltd., 33399 Jingshidong Road, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South-to-North Water Transfer East route shandong trunk line Co., Ltd., 33399 Jingshidong Road, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423138","display_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-9413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","Shandong Technology and Engineering Center for Digital Agriculture, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Technology and Engineering Center for Digital Agriculture, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101662317","display_name":"Shuai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-5399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuangnan Road, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuangnan Road, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089703861","display_name":"Hao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-5985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016909379","display_name":"Ziyun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-0739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100691052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78254096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"821","last_page":"821"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.830012321472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7709298133850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6470761299133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6009803414344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5973573923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5796316266059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5203368663787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4300917088985443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4259741008281708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41444191336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38334596157073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2605906128883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07994598150253296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.830012321472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7709298133850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6470761299133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6009803414344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5973573923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5796316266059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5203368663787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4300917088985443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4259741008281708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41444191336631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38334596157073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2605906128883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07994598150253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050821","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/821/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:774240d87bfe4e39b6bc56fba07f5ce5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/774240d87bfe4e39b6bc56fba07f5ce5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 821 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/5/821/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 5; Pages: 821","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050821","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/821/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009294055.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009294055.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601676794","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1969840923","https://openalex.org/W1972814520","https://openalex.org/W1991361881","https://openalex.org/W1995653526","https://openalex.org/W2006687884","https://openalex.org/W2030163399","https://openalex.org/W2034644270","https://openalex.org/W2041281368","https://openalex.org/W2056251274","https://openalex.org/W2071264562","https://openalex.org/W2076627662","https://openalex.org/W2090231298","https://openalex.org/W2101337900","https://openalex.org/W2124592697","https://openalex.org/W2132914650","https://openalex.org/W2166229804","https://openalex.org/W2172009270","https://openalex.org/W2178728489","https://openalex.org/W2302241271","https://openalex.org/W2401650711","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2461829217","https://openalex.org/W2527777740","https://openalex.org/W2531168480","https://openalex.org/W2559178909","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2564684433","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2584198282","https://openalex.org/W2610528085","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2620899671","https://openalex.org/W2744274881","https://openalex.org/W2756201869","https://openalex.org/W2766130785","https://openalex.org/W2769599585","https://openalex.org/W2769973569","https://openalex.org/W2781900944","https://openalex.org/W2783608381","https://openalex.org/W2789629017","https://openalex.org/W2803867573","https://openalex.org/W2804846062","https://openalex.org/W2807914609","https://openalex.org/W2888738931","https://openalex.org/W2899260303","https://openalex.org/W2901719150","https://openalex.org/W2901871634","https://openalex.org/W2903707327","https://openalex.org/W2908249434","https://openalex.org/W2908753233","https://openalex.org/W2909779496","https://openalex.org/W2911045448","https://openalex.org/W2912210680","https://openalex.org/W2919877096","https://openalex.org/W2922303764","https://openalex.org/W2926217049","https://openalex.org/W2928182459","https://openalex.org/W2940542567","https://openalex.org/W2944543480","https://openalex.org/W2955968123","https://openalex.org/W2960863152","https://openalex.org/W2963466857","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2968570763","https://openalex.org/W2969351098","https://openalex.org/W2970183547","https://openalex.org/W2986098083","https://openalex.org/W2988656079","https://openalex.org/W2990978058","https://openalex.org/W3005371859","https://openalex.org/W3093676864","https://openalex.org/W3125782078","https://openalex.org/W3148873952","https://openalex.org/W4385525035","https://openalex.org/W6643440371","https://openalex.org/W6767060644","https://openalex.org/W6770371565","https://openalex.org/W7055106539","https://openalex.org/W7064871788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W2093471820","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W2114846443","https://openalex.org/W3102147106","https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2805329439","https://openalex.org/W2963336968","https://openalex.org/W1982302668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improving":[0],"the":[1,11,43,66,90,105,127,132,142,169,176,187,209,219,222],"accuracy":[2,196,223],"of":[3,46,117,157,224],"edge":[4],"pixel":[5,72,123],"classification":[6,44,76,145],"is":[7],"crucial":[8],"for":[9,70,212],"extracting":[10],"winter":[12,161,226],"wheat":[13,162,227],"spatial":[14],"distribution":[15],"from":[16,153],"remote":[17,60,231],"sensing":[18,61,232],"imagery":[19],"using":[20,32,79,230],"convolutional":[21],"neural":[22],"networks":[23],"(CNNs).":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"study,":[27],"we":[28,51,84,103],"proposed":[29],"an":[30,53],"approach":[31],"a":[33,86,110,158,180],"partly":[34],"connected":[35,182],"conditional":[36,183],"random":[37,184],"field":[38,185],"model":[39,56,112],"(PCCRF)":[40],"to":[41,57,92,113,130,140,155,167,190],"refine":[42,141],"results":[45,91,215,229],"RefineNet,":[47],"named":[48],"RefineNet-PCCRF.":[49],"First,":[50],"used":[52,109,121,139,148,211],"improved":[54,221],"RefineNet":[55,174],"initially":[58],"segment":[59],"images,":[62],"followed":[63],"by":[64],"obtaining":[65],"category":[67],"probability":[68],"vectors":[69],"each":[71],"and":[73,120,173,179,202],"initial":[74,143],"pixel-by-pixel":[75,144],"result.":[77,146],"Second,":[78],"manual":[80],"labels":[81],"as":[82,175,186],"references,":[83],"performed":[85],"statistical":[87],"analysis":[88],"on":[89,100],"select":[93],"pixels":[94,129],"that":[95,218],"required":[96],"optimization.":[97],"Third,":[98],"based":[99],"prior":[101],"knowledge,":[102],"redefined":[104],"pairwise":[106],"potential":[107,118],"energy,":[108],"linear":[111],"connect":[114],"different":[115],"levels":[116],"energies,":[119],"only":[122],"pairs":[124],"associated":[125],"with":[126],"selected":[128],"build":[131],"PCCRF.":[133],"The":[134,194,214],"trained":[135],"PCCRF":[136],"was":[137],"then":[138],"We":[147],"37":[149],"Gaofen-2":[150],"images":[151],"obtained":[152],"2018":[154],"2019":[156],"representative":[159],"Chinese":[160],"region":[163],"(Tai\u2019an":[164],"City,":[165],"China)":[166],"create":[168],"dataset,":[170],"employed":[171],"SegNet":[172],"standard":[177],"CNNs,":[178],"fully":[181],"refinement":[188],"methods":[189,210],"conduct":[191],"comparison":[192],"experiments.":[193],"RefineNet-PCCRF\u2019s":[195],"(94.51%),":[197],"precision":[198],"(92.39%),":[199],"recall":[200],"(90.98%),":[201],"F1-Score":[203],"(91.68%)":[204],"were":[205],"clearly":[206],"superior":[207],"than":[208],"comparison.":[213],"also":[216],"show":[217],"RefineNet-PCCRF":[220],"large-scale":[225],"extraction":[228],"imagery.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-03-13T00:00:00"}
