{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009468401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050807","title":"Sensitivity of Arctic Sea Ice Extent to Sea Ice Concentration Threshold Choice and Its Implication to Ice Coverage Decadal Trends and Statistical Projections","display_name":"Sensitivity of Arctic Sea Ice Extent to Sea Ice Concentration Threshold Choice and Its Implication to Ice Coverage Decadal Trends and Statistical Projections","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009468401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050807","mag":"3009468401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050807","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/807/pdf?version=1583230640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/807/pdf?version=1583230640","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011062812","display_name":"Jessica L. Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-3474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166037","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites","ror":"https://ror.org/05nc0nk71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessica L. Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-3474","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037859623","display_name":"Ge Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-9115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166037","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites","ror":"https://ror.org/05nc0nk71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-9115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016953733","display_name":"Walter N. Meier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-0550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter N. Meier","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011835018","display_name":"Otis B. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-1507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166037","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites","ror":"https://ror.org/05nc0nk71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Otis Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-1507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011062812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210166037"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7047,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69156757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"807","last_page":"807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.8201725482940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6472414135932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.644413948059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.6409541368484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.6058472990989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-sea-ice-decline","display_name":"Arctic sea ice decline","score":0.586277186870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-concentration","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","score":0.5644054412841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","score":0.3233156204223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2656344771385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.24065068364143372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.8201725482940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6472414135932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.644413948059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.6409541368484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6058472990989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143510601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16243069","display_name":"Arctic sea ice decline","level":5,"score":0.586277186870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.5644054412841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.3233156204223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2656344771385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.24065068364143372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050807","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/807/pdf?version=1583230640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:340cbef0027649659f1b3a12d6b7794c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/340cbef0027649659f1b3a12d6b7794c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 807 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/5/807/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 5; Pages: 807","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050807","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/807/pdf?version=1583230640","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5330321839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA19NES4320002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8483926200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA14NES432003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009468401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009468401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550184336","https://openalex.org/W1963605270","https://openalex.org/W1965671915","https://openalex.org/W2002015831","https://openalex.org/W2104219625","https://openalex.org/W2131863283","https://openalex.org/W2134383023","https://openalex.org/W2156739270","https://openalex.org/W2761389488","https://openalex.org/W2765309389","https://openalex.org/W2792302790","https://openalex.org/W2795400163","https://openalex.org/W6892229859","https://openalex.org/W6958621757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910173302","https://openalex.org/W206690607","https://openalex.org/W4240873802","https://openalex.org/W2486603219","https://openalex.org/W1981028522","https://openalex.org/W2584433234","https://openalex.org/W4321501671","https://openalex.org/W4221057659","https://openalex.org/W3147447286","https://openalex.org/W2922651963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arctic":[0,57,66,81,222,277],"sea":[1,9,19,30,41,58,82,99,107,278],"ice":[2,10,20,31,42,59,67,83,100,108,279],"extent":[3,43],"has":[4,35],"been":[5,36,50],"utilized":[6],"to":[7,106,133,154,204,258,270,282,297],"monitor":[8],"changes":[11],"since":[12],"the":[13,53,62,77,87,96,116,131,141,150,158,206,219,254,264,275,290],"late":[14],"1970s":[15],"using":[16],"remotely":[17],"sensed":[18],"data":[21,89,169,183,268,304],"derived":[22],"from":[23,152],"passive":[24],"microwave":[25],"(PM)":[26],"sensors.":[27],"A":[28],"15%":[29,153],"concentration":[32,109],"threshold":[33,47,110,123,151,180,230,255],"value":[34,142],"used":[37],"traditionally":[38],"when":[39],"computing":[40],"(SIE),":[44],"although":[45],"other":[46],"values":[48,231],"have":[49,84,283],"employed.":[51],"Does":[52],"rapid":[54,276],"depletion":[55,280],"of":[56,65,80,92,98,118,136,143,208,253,266],"potentially":[60],"alter":[61],"basic":[63],"characteristics":[64,79],"extent?":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70,303],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"explore":[73],"whether":[74],"and":[75,94,102,190],"how":[76],"statistical":[78,210],"changed":[85,285],"during":[86,185],"satellite":[88],"record":[90],"period":[91],"1979\u20132017":[93],"examine":[95],"sensitivity":[97],"extents":[101],"their":[103],"decadal":[104],"trends":[105,260],"values.":[111],"Threshold":[112,138,199],"choice":[113,124,139,181,207,256],"can":[114,129,156],"affect":[115],"timing":[117,132],"annual":[119,144,159,186,213],"SIE":[120,145,160,168,215,259,286],"minimums:":[121,146],"a":[122,194,293],"as":[125,127],"low":[126],"30%":[128],"change":[130,157],"August":[134],"instead":[135],"September.":[137],"impacts":[140,257,301],"in":[147,165,197,289],"particular,":[148],"changing":[149],"35%":[155],"by":[161],"more":[162,237,246,294],"than":[163],"10%":[164],"magnitude.":[166],"Monthly":[167],"distributions":[170,184],"are":[171,227,245],"seasonally":[172],"dependent.":[173],"Although":[174],"little":[175],"impact":[176,196,205],"was":[177],"seen":[178],"for":[179],"on":[182,302],"minimum":[187,214],"times":[188],"(August":[189],"September),":[191],"there":[192],"is":[193,306],"strong":[195],"May.":[198],"choices":[200],"were":[201],"not":[202],"found":[203],"optimal":[209],"models":[211,244],"characterizing":[212],"time":[216],"series.":[217],"However,":[218],"first":[220],"ice-free":[221],"summer":[223,291],"year":[224],"(FIASY)":[225],"estimates":[226,235,240],"impacted;":[228],"higher":[229],"produce":[232],"earlier":[233],"FIASY":[234,239],"and,":[236],"notably,":[238],"amongst":[241],"all":[242],"considered":[243],"consistent.":[247],"This":[248],"analysis":[249],"suggests":[250],"that":[251,274],"some":[252],"may":[261],"actually":[262],"be":[263],"result":[265],"biased":[267],"due":[269],"surface":[271,299],"melt.":[272],"Given":[273],"appears":[281],"statistically":[284],"characteristics,":[287],"particularly":[288],"months,":[292],"extensive":[295],"investigation":[296],"verify":[298],"melt":[300],"set":[305],"warranted.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
