{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009055213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050788","title":"A Modified Model for Electromagnetic Scattering of Sea Surface Covered with Crest Foam and Static Foam","display_name":"A Modified Model for Electromagnetic Scattering of Sea Surface Covered with Crest Foam and Static Foam","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009055213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050788","mag":"3009055213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/788/pdf?version=1584067529","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/788/pdf?version=1584067529","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365835","display_name":"Dongfang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1790-9022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongfang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029879015","display_name":"Zhiqin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-1178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073254264","display_name":"Yanwen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7543-0775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanwen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065023086","display_name":"Yuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-4233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077498008","display_name":"Zaiping Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-4115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaiping Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029879015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7468,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70080774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"788","last_page":"788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.7475022077560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crest","display_name":"Crest","score":0.7274291515350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-state","display_name":"Sea state","score":0.6559427976608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5844057202339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4787044823169708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.3697863519191742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3423241376876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.33180320262908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22595641016960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13306096196174622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0838739275932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.07919555902481079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7475022077560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48880136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864673","display_name":"Crest","level":2,"score":0.7274291515350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781147146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569795","display_name":"Sea state","level":2,"score":0.6559427976608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5844057202339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4787044823169708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3697863519191742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3423241376876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33180320262908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22595641016960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13306096196174622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0838739275932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.07919555902481079}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/788/pdf?version=1584067529","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f4fa134893a4130994310bd73ca74a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f4fa134893a4130994310bd73ca74a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 788 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/5/788/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12050788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050788","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/5/788/pdf?version=1584067529","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1456439278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871083 and 61721001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4441083650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61721001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6280687622","display_name":"VHF\u8109\u51b2\u70ed\u58f0\u6210\u50cf\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009055213.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009055213.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605040685","https://openalex.org/W1630332803","https://openalex.org/W1855875167","https://openalex.org/W1967900407","https://openalex.org/W1968711691","https://openalex.org/W1978125641","https://openalex.org/W1981509212","https://openalex.org/W1986232827","https://openalex.org/W1989436788","https://openalex.org/W2019901529","https://openalex.org/W2025340585","https://openalex.org/W2036382759","https://openalex.org/W2043964043","https://openalex.org/W2044449012","https://openalex.org/W2051241051","https://openalex.org/W2055385196","https://openalex.org/W2066950442","https://openalex.org/W2068258889","https://openalex.org/W2080457780","https://openalex.org/W2082571124","https://openalex.org/W2098128445","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2101347039","https://openalex.org/W2101541332","https://openalex.org/W2112238806","https://openalex.org/W2118878957","https://openalex.org/W2123846254","https://openalex.org/W2133289017","https://openalex.org/W2134048661","https://openalex.org/W2145066648","https://openalex.org/W2152997670","https://openalex.org/W2155537325","https://openalex.org/W2156958486","https://openalex.org/W2170047185","https://openalex.org/W2279352150","https://openalex.org/W2316033403","https://openalex.org/W2487476481","https://openalex.org/W2575633412","https://openalex.org/W2958603811","https://openalex.org/W2973768641","https://openalex.org/W2987933098","https://openalex.org/W3216036906","https://openalex.org/W4254227897","https://openalex.org/W4406516554","https://openalex.org/W6677859629","https://openalex.org/W6695047290","https://openalex.org/W6699533485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892891939","https://openalex.org/W2038517402","https://openalex.org/W2156727646","https://openalex.org/W1980470786","https://openalex.org/W1978436282","https://openalex.org/W2009438775","https://openalex.org/W2004912931","https://openalex.org/W4377090538","https://openalex.org/W2183316804","https://openalex.org/W2162178203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,12,21,31,35,48,58,85,109,136,146,154,158,162,171,174,178,182,185,201,204,211,215,218,227],"increase":[2],"of":[3,20,34,47,61,84,100,140,157,164,173,181,188,203,217],"sea":[4,13,23,37,86,115,141,159,183,189,193,219,228],"surface":[5,87,160,190,220,229],"wind":[6,129],"speed,":[7],"whitecaps":[8],"will":[9],"appear":[10],"on":[11,135],"surface.":[14,38],"Generally,":[15],"for":[16,108,112,127],"Electromagnetic":[17],"(EM)":[18],"scattering":[19,138,149,155,179],"foam-covered":[22],"surface,":[24,142,184],"medium-scale":[25],"waves":[26,33],"are":[27,131,195,207],"used":[28],"to":[29,44,151,169],"replace":[30],"breaking":[32,63],"real":[36],"Another":[39],"treatment":[40],"in":[41,124,167],"computation":[42],"is":[43,95,106],"adopt":[45],"one":[46],"whitecap":[49],"coverages":[50],"and":[51,73,92,103,161,177],"fixed":[52],"foam":[53,91,94,120,126,225],"layer":[54,121],"thickness.":[55],"In":[56,78,117],"fact,":[57],"evolution":[59],"process":[60],"a":[62,81,113],"wave":[64],"goes":[65],"through":[66],"two":[67],"stages:":[68],"stage":[69,74,101,104],"A":[70,102],"(crest":[71],"foam)":[72],"B":[75,105],"(static":[76],"foam).":[77],"this":[79,143],"paper,":[80],"geometric":[82,175],"model":[83,150,180,206],"covered":[88,221,230],"with":[89,153,210,222,231],"crest":[90,224],"static":[93,233],"established.":[96],"The":[97],"coverage":[98],"ratio":[99],"proposed":[107,205],"first":[110],"time":[111],"given":[114],"state.":[116],"addition,":[118],"different":[119,192],"thickness":[122],"distributions":[123],"each":[125],"various":[128],"speeds":[130],"also":[132],"considered.":[133],"Based":[134],"facet":[137],"theory":[139],"paper":[144],"adopts":[145],"modified":[147],"facet-based":[148],"deal":[152],"contribution":[156],"effect":[163],"foam.":[165,234],"Finally,":[166],"order":[168],"verify":[170],"accuracy":[172],"modeling":[176],"EM":[186],"backscattering":[187],"under":[191],"states":[194],"calculated.":[196],"Simulation":[197],"results":[198,202,216],"show":[199],"that":[200],"more":[208],"consistent":[209],"measured":[212],"data":[213],"than":[214],"individual":[223,232],"or":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}