{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007170129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040661","title":"Large-Scale Mapping of Tree Species and Dead Trees in \u0160umava National Park and Bavarian Forest National Park Using Lidar and Multispectral Imagery","display_name":"Large-Scale Mapping of Tree Species and Dead Trees in \u0160umava National Park and Bavarian Forest National Park Using Lidar and Multispectral Imagery","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007170129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040661","mag":"3007170129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12040661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/661/pdf?version=1582199798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/661/pdf?version=1582199798","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076060245","display_name":"Peter Krzystek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-1377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174004417","display_name":"Munich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/012k1v959","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174004417"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Krzystek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoinformatics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Karlstr. 6, D-80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-1377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoinformatics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Karlstr. 6, D-80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174004417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030461451","display_name":"Alla Serebryanyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alla Serebryanyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jambit GmbH, Erika-Mann-Stra\u00dfe 63, D-80636 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jambit GmbH, Erika-Mann-Stra\u00dfe 63, D-80636 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103265915","display_name":"Claudius Schn\u00f6rr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174004417","display_name":"Munich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/012k1v959","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174004417"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudius Schn\u00f6rr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstr. 64, D-80335 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-9834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstr. 64, D-80335 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174004417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011792749","display_name":"Jaroslav \u010cervenka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137920","display_name":"\u0160umava National Park","ror":"https://ror.org/03nw44p55","country_code":"CZ","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137920"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaroslav \u010cervenka","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0160umava National Park, Su\u0161ick\u00e1 339, CZ-34192 Ka\u0161persk\u00e9 Hory, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0160umava National Park, Su\u0161ick\u00e1 339, CZ-34192 Ka\u0161persk\u00e9 Hory, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006620203","display_name":"Marco Heurich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-2930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800389101","display_name":"Bavarian Forest National Park","ror":"https://ror.org/05b2t8s27","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800389101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Heurich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bavarian Forest National Park, Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Freyungerstr. 2, D-94481 Grafenau, Germany","Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bavarian Forest National Park, Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Freyungerstr. 2, D-94481 Grafenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800389101"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076060245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174004417"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.5937,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89075497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"661","last_page":"661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-park","display_name":"National park","score":0.7826544046401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7101181745529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6454589366912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6036518812179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4827806055545807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-tree","display_name":"Dead tree","score":0.4675644338130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4273243546485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-forest","display_name":"National forest","score":0.4231092929840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4220725893974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.41782698035240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4164162874221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.4106609523296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37847864627838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3362761437892914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2219441533088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11841514706611633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.7826544046401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7101181745529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6454589366912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6036518812179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4827806055545807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991976725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5245525","display_name":"Dead tree","level":2,"score":0.4675644338130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4273243546485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993660981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6972762","display_name":"National forest","level":2,"score":0.4231092929840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4220725893974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.41782698035240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4164162874221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.4106609523296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37847864627838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3362761437892914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2219441533088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11841514706611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12040661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/661/pdf?version=1582199798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8dd680bb7b7f42dc803f118a5b30402d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8dd680bb7b7f42dc803f118a5b30402d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 661 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/4/661/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 661","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12040661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/661/pdf?version=1582199798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8937893370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","funder_display_name":"Interreg"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007170129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007170129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492020934","https://openalex.org/W1496825334","https://openalex.org/W1573505902","https://openalex.org/W1620412164","https://openalex.org/W1996705359","https://openalex.org/W2032413422","https://openalex.org/W2048773673","https://openalex.org/W2055578819","https://openalex.org/W2056380340","https://openalex.org/W2067972073","https://openalex.org/W2076865878","https://openalex.org/W2080157231","https://openalex.org/W2086118991","https://openalex.org/W2097337758","https://openalex.org/W2105365644","https://openalex.org/W2108762338","https://openalex.org/W2115838093","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2147197381","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2204203100","https://openalex.org/W2252893450","https://openalex.org/W2473991816","https://openalex.org/W2482464033","https://openalex.org/W2515306179","https://openalex.org/W2625031578","https://openalex.org/W2750737309","https://openalex.org/W2789860026","https://openalex.org/W2805687669","https://openalex.org/W2885035168","https://openalex.org/W2892447266","https://openalex.org/W2903981420","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2945958600","https://openalex.org/W2947488287","https://openalex.org/W2970161704","https://openalex.org/W6636681013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2320009981","https://openalex.org/W2786222078","https://openalex.org/W2895638157","https://openalex.org/W2400203850","https://openalex.org/W4206990428","https://openalex.org/W2733691047","https://openalex.org/W2518572443","https://openalex.org/W4229874432","https://openalex.org/W2028427173","https://openalex.org/W1555429523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"of":[1,4,17,29,34,47,63,91,131,149,163,174,182,203,245,250],"forest":[2,55,77,194],"structures\u2014and":[3],"dead":[5,72,170,227,257],"wood":[6,73],"in":[7,31,53,74,80,111,172,238],"particular\u2014is":[8],"fundamental":[9],"to":[10,37,102],"understanding,":[11],"managing,":[12],"and":[13,50,68,104,115,152,168,190,195,205,225,247,255,261],"preserving":[14],"the":[15,26,45,87,92,164,201,211,218,243],"biodiversity":[16],"our":[18],"forests.":[19],"Lidar":[20],"is":[21],"a":[22,60,75,83,97,128,144,179],"valuable":[23],"technology":[24],"for":[25,139,153],"area-wide":[27],"mapping":[28,62,249],"trees":[30,49,228,258],"3D":[32,186],"because":[33],"its":[35],"capability":[36],"penetrate":[38],"vegetation.":[39],"In":[40],"essence,":[41],"this":[42,240],"technique":[43],"enables":[44],"detection":[46],"single":[48,251],"their":[51],"properties":[52],"all":[54],"layers.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"highlights":[59],"successful":[61],"tree":[64,93,166],"species\u2014subdivided":[65],"into":[66],"conifers":[67],"broadleaf":[69,105,223,253],"trees\u2014and":[70],"standing":[71,169,226,256],"large":[76],"924":[78],"km2":[79],"size.":[81],"As":[82],"novelty,":[84],"we":[85],"calibrate":[86],"critical":[88],"stopping":[89],"criterion":[90],"segmentation":[94],"based":[95,177],"on":[96,178],"normalized":[98,213],"cut":[99,214],"with":[100,231],"regard":[101],"coniferous":[103],"trees.":[106],"The":[107],"experiments":[108],"were":[109,125],"conducted":[110],"\u0160umava":[112,140],"National":[113,118,141,156],"Park":[114,142,157],"Bavarian":[116,154],"Forest":[117,155],"Park.":[119],"For":[120],"both":[121],"parks,":[122],"lidar":[123,260],"data":[124],"acquired":[126],"at":[127,143,158],"point":[129],"density":[130],"55":[132],"points/m2.":[133],"Aerial":[134],"multispectral":[135],"imagery":[136],"was":[137],"captured":[138],"ground":[145],"sample":[146],"distance":[147],"(GSD)":[148],"17":[150],"cm":[151,160],"9.5":[159],"GSD.":[161],"Classification":[162],"two":[165],"groups":[167],"wood\u2014located":[171],"areas":[173],"pest":[175],"infestation\u2014is":[176],"diverse":[180],"set":[181],"features":[183],"(geometric,":[184],"intensity-based,":[185],"shape":[187],"contexts,":[188],"multispectral-based)":[189],"well-known":[191],"classifiers":[192],"(Random":[193],"logistic":[196],"regression).":[197],"We":[198],"show":[199],"that":[200],"effect":[202],"under-":[204],"oversegmentation":[206],"can":[207],"be":[208],"reduced":[209],"by":[210,220],"modified":[212],"segmentation,":[215],"thereby":[216],"improving":[217],"precision":[219],"13%.":[221],"Conifers,":[222],"trees,":[224,254],"are":[229],"classified":[230],"overall":[232],"accuracies":[233],"better":[234],"than":[235],"90%.":[236],"All":[237],"all,":[239],"experiment":[241],"demonstrates":[242],"feasibility":[244],"large-scale":[246],"high-accuracy":[248],"conifers,":[252],"using":[259],"aerial":[262],"imagery.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2020-03-06T00:00:00"}
