{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003266520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030417","title":"How Well Do Deep Learning-Based Methods for Land Cover Classification and Object Detection Perform on High Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery?","display_name":"How Well Do Deep Learning-Based Methods for Land Cover Classification and Object Detection Perform on High Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003266520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030417","mag":"3003266520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030417","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/417/pdf?version=1581345817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/417/pdf?version=1581345817","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327354","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7844-593X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023625466","display_name":"Liangxiu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2491-7473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liangxiu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023625466","display_name":"Liangxiu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2491-7473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangxiu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114374959","display_name":"Lianghao Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-1017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lianghao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114374959","display_name":"Lianghao Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-1017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianghao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052000487","display_name":"Liang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6948-2103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023625466","https://openalex.org/A5114374959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I11983389","https://openalex.org/I143804889","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":11.8941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98886378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"417","last_page":"417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7365074157714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.729641318321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6867162585258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5200333595275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.517519474029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5004794597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.45772773027420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.450857549905777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4159781038761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.33751800656318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.27811646461486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1425417959690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14122840762138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.07718613743782043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7365074157714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.729641318321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6867162585258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5200333595275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.517519474029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5004794597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.45772773027420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.450857549905777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4159781038761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.33751800656318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27811646461486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1425417959690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14122840762138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.07718613743782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030417","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/417/pdf?version=1581345817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:625437","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/71e45471efc2547a9bc2477b0a218fc6.html>","pdf_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/625437/1/remotesensing-12-00417.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4cdb47e037774331bcf7d3da7aab7bba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4cdb47e037774331bcf7d3da7aab7bba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 417 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/32543508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/How_well_do_deep_learning-based_methods_for_land_cover_classification_and_object_detection_perform_on_high_resolution_remote_sensing_imagery_/32543508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/3/417/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 417","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030417","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/417/pdf?version=1581345817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1713025421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BB/R019983/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8379872800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"332438911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312420","funder_display_name":"Newton Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312420","display_name":"Newton Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/009twqt47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003266520.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":146,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61533110","https://openalex.org/W88334678","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1421751110","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1523493493","https://openalex.org/W1593891247","https://openalex.org/W1652775531","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1937812750","https://openalex.org/W1958291604","https://openalex.org/W1965825034","https://openalex.org/W1970472133","https://openalex.org/W1971653980","https://openalex.org/W1974683416","https://openalex.org/W1977345771","https://openalex.org/W1977937390","https://openalex.org/W1980191009","https://openalex.org/W1984667420","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1988032609","https://openalex.org/W1988590943","https://openalex.org/W1990160629","https://openalex.org/W1993387039","https://openalex.org/W2012950829","https://openalex.org/W2013360540","https://openalex.org/W2024968541","https://openalex.org/W2029019271","https://openalex.org/W2033503560","https://openalex.org/W2033658939","https://openalex.org/W2033848829","https://openalex.org/W2035549557","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2041426196","https://openalex.org/W2060152183","https://openalex.org/W2061240006","https://openalex.org/W2062112832","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2065533253","https://openalex.org/W2066416082","https://openalex.org/W2069406300","https://openalex.org/W2076306039","https://openalex.org/W2077570405","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2082874195","https://openalex.org/W2083620454","https://openalex.org/W2092730582","https://openalex.org/W2096579040","https://openalex.org/W2097054682","https://openalex.org/W2097250277","https://openalex.org/W2100576008","https://openalex.org/W2104520867","https://openalex.org/W2105554350","https://openalex.org/W2106677999","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2124706543","https://openalex.org/W2127348003","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2137900926","https://openalex.org/W2138408852","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2144552105","https://openalex.org/W2153097252","https://openalex.org/W2160434086","https://openalex.org/W2161160262","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2184094625","https://openalex.org/W2186782367","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2196484614","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2283002322","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2335798593","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2366714221","https://openalex.org/W2386684271","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2548388936","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2592712793","https://openalex.org/W2593778105","https://openalex.org/W2602731491","https://openalex.org/W2613201584","https://openalex.org/W2626263418","https://openalex.org/W2648242067","https://openalex.org/W2733535455","https://openalex.org/W2739575296","https://openalex.org/W2750933153","https://openalex.org/W2752010668","https://openalex.org/W2753062663","https://openalex.org/W2755188318","https://openalex.org/W2759628733","https://openalex.org/W2760340275","https://openalex.org/W2765739551","https://openalex.org/W2766071608","https://openalex.org/W2770937285","https://openalex.org/W2790186347","https://openalex.org/W2791634589","https://openalex.org/W2801973225","https://openalex.org/W2803867573","https://openalex.org/W2803946774","https://openalex.org/W2804436788","https://openalex.org/W2893811450","https://openalex.org/W2896983355","https://openalex.org/W2897898606","https://openalex.org/W2900237898","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2919011445","https://openalex.org/W2921625548","https://openalex.org/W2962782951","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963136578","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963755276","https://openalex.org/W2963859992","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2997252143","https://openalex.org/W3021786608","https://openalex.org/W3099116041","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4239414618","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6639175750","https://openalex.org/W6647520412","https://openalex.org/W6665214219","https://openalex.org/W6678979910","https://openalex.org/W6686195463","https://openalex.org/W6687203662","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6703238135","https://openalex.org/W6730342312","https://openalex.org/W6772863855","https://openalex.org/W6959919512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W2972049582","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820","https://openalex.org/W604251607","https://openalex.org/W3170595163","https://openalex.org/W2043913960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0],"cover":[1,58,107,142,157],"information":[2],"plays":[3],"an":[4,164,192],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,13,72,87,206,237],"mapping":[8,35],"ecological":[9],"and":[10,64,83,96,109,144,147,171,213,243],"environmental":[11],"changes":[12,37],"Earth\u2019s":[14],"diverse":[15],"landscapes":[16],"for":[17,27,140,185],"ecosystem":[18],"monitoring.":[19],"Remote":[20],"sensing":[21,50,92,138,230],"data":[22,139],"have":[23,175],"been":[24],"widely":[25],"used":[26],"the":[28,39,45,125,128,160,180,186,196,217,220,226,241,244],"study":[29],"of":[30,36,38,47,127,188,219,228,246],"land":[31,57,106,141,156],"cover,":[32],"enabling":[33],"efficient":[34],"Earth":[40],"surface":[41],"from":[42],"Space.":[43],"Although":[44],"availability":[46],"high-resolution":[48],"remote":[49,91,137,229],"imagery":[51,116],"increases":[52],"significantly":[53],"every":[54],"year,":[55],"traditional":[56,152,181],"analysis":[59],"approaches":[60,112],"based":[61],"on":[62,79,105],"pixel":[63],"object":[65,97,110,145,198],"levels":[66],"are":[67,235],"not":[68],"optimal.":[69],"Recent":[70],"advancement":[71],"deep":[73,130,247],"learning":[74,131],"has":[75,84],"achieved":[76,201],"remarkable":[77],"success":[78],"image":[80],"recognition":[81],"field":[82],"shown":[85,176],"potential":[86],"high":[88,114,134,211],"spatial":[89,135,170],"resolution":[90,115,136],"applications,":[93],"including":[94],"classification":[95,108,143,158],"detection.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"a":[102,155,207],"comprehensive":[103],"review":[104],"detection":[111,146,194,199],"using":[113,168],"is":[117],"provided.":[118],"Through":[119],"two":[120],"case":[121],"studies,":[122],"we":[123],"demonstrated":[124],"applications":[126],"state-of-the-art":[129],"models":[132],"to":[133,239],"evaluated":[148],"their":[149],"performances":[150],"against":[151],"approaches.":[153],"For":[154,191],"task,":[159,195],"deep-learning-based":[161,197],"methods":[162],"provide":[163],"end-to-end":[165],"solution":[166],"by":[167],"both":[169],"spectral":[172],"information.":[173],"They":[174],"better":[177],"performance":[178],"than":[179,203],"pixel-based":[182],"method,":[183],"especially":[184],"categories":[187],"different":[189],"vegetation.":[190],"objective":[193],"method":[200],"more":[202,232],"98%":[204],"accuracy":[205,212],"large":[208],"area;":[209],"its":[210],"efficiency":[214],"could":[215],"relieve":[216],"burden":[218],"traditional,":[221],"labour-intensive":[222],"method.":[223],"However,":[224],"considering":[225],"diversity":[227],"data,":[231],"training":[233],"datasets":[234],"required":[236],"order":[238],"improve":[240],"generalisation":[242],"robustness":[245],"learning-based":[248],"models.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00"}