{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002151830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030366","title":"Unique Pre-Earthquake Deformation Patterns in the Spatial Domains from GPS in Taiwan","display_name":"Unique Pre-Earthquake Deformation Patterns in the Spatial Domains from GPS in Taiwan","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002151830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030366","mag":"3002151830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/366/pdf?version=1580726629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/366/pdf?version=1580726629","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036577409","display_name":"Chieh\u2010Hung Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-2142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chieh-Hung Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071717389","display_name":"Ta\u2010Kang Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-2150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ta-Kang Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, New Taipei 23741, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-2150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Real Estate and Built Environment, National Taipei University, New Taipei 23741, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013176119","display_name":"Strong Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-6785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Strong Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Seismology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-6785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Seismology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016070560","display_name":"Guojie Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-0380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90149893","display_name":"China Earthquake Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/045sza929","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earthquake Forecasting, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-0380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earthquake Forecasting, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041411977","display_name":"Peng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9997-8505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084118952","display_name":"Chi\u2010Chia Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-2125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Chia Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055872959","display_name":"Jann\u2010Yenq Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-8358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jann-Yenq Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011251740","display_name":"Chung\u2010Ho Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-6747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128530","display_name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4nqn69","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128530","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Ho Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11574, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11574, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071717389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5117,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87386553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"366","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8785568475723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.8144100904464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7932558059692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.7095701098442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.6754698753356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crust","display_name":"Crust","score":0.49486368894577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.41608816385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.15013456344604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09391021728515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0806150734424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.06712856888771057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8785568475723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.8144100904464722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7932558059692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.7095701098442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.6754698753356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776698055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4232578","display_name":"Crust","level":2,"score":0.49486368894577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.41608816385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.15013456344604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09391021728515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0806150734424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06712856888771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/366/pdf?version=1580726629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78df8038664e420bb70b9816fe10a04c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78df8038664e420bb70b9816fe10a04c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 366 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/3/366/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 366","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/366/pdf?version=1580726629","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6617312011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 107-2119-M-008-018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002151830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002151830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668841395","https://openalex.org/W1970107186","https://openalex.org/W1971513537","https://openalex.org/W1976656232","https://openalex.org/W1981165981","https://openalex.org/W1982997605","https://openalex.org/W1983879726","https://openalex.org/W1989093648","https://openalex.org/W1993839861","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2015544881","https://openalex.org/W2017104286","https://openalex.org/W2017353076","https://openalex.org/W2025297319","https://openalex.org/W2025626286","https://openalex.org/W2028076211","https://openalex.org/W2032064465","https://openalex.org/W2055866881","https://openalex.org/W2063615912","https://openalex.org/W2086068384","https://openalex.org/W2088202114","https://openalex.org/W2092125588","https://openalex.org/W2095965656","https://openalex.org/W2095990525","https://openalex.org/W2100967670","https://openalex.org/W2102832797","https://openalex.org/W2103518729","https://openalex.org/W2105625701","https://openalex.org/W2106690244","https://openalex.org/W2119789865","https://openalex.org/W2133640550","https://openalex.org/W2136975928","https://openalex.org/W2145972115","https://openalex.org/W2146102009","https://openalex.org/W2159244353","https://openalex.org/W2164468626","https://openalex.org/W2165367651","https://openalex.org/W2171709549","https://openalex.org/W2321336637","https://openalex.org/W2523070331","https://openalex.org/W2548689449","https://openalex.org/W2768110123","https://openalex.org/W2936729059","https://openalex.org/W6618331659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006474185","https://openalex.org/W2483195039","https://openalex.org/W2611761074","https://openalex.org/W2048211457","https://openalex.org/W2281797687","https://openalex.org/W2765672153","https://openalex.org/W2356895184","https://openalex.org/W2153741582","https://openalex.org/W2071131471","https://openalex.org/W2380150387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"earthquakes":[1],"are":[2,156],"considered":[3],"to":[4,33,78,143,153,159],"be":[5,196],"caused":[6],"by":[7,49],"stress":[8,26],"accumulating":[9],"in":[10,55,116,170,182],"and":[11,20,39,42,71,98,185],"subsequently":[12],"releasing":[13],"from":[14,45,82,149],"the":[15,28,50,69,83,87,93,99,104,108,131,165,183,191],"crust.":[16,88],"To":[17],"extract":[18],"non-linear":[19],"non-stationary":[21],"earthquake-induced":[22],"signals":[23],"associated":[24],"with":[25,118,130],"accumulation,":[27],"Hilbert\u2013Huang":[29],"transform":[30],"was":[31],"utilized":[32],"filter":[34],"long-term":[35],"movements,":[36],"short-term":[37],"noise,":[38],"frequency-dependent":[40],"(annual":[41],"semi-annual)":[43],"variations":[44,163],"surface":[46,58],"displacements":[47,59],"measured":[48],"global":[51],"positioning":[52],"system":[53],"(GPS)":[54],"Taiwan.":[56],"Earthquake-related":[57],"were":[60,115,168],"expressed":[61],"as":[62],"horizontal":[63],"directions":[64],"(i.e.,":[65,178],"GPS":[66,76,101,113,136,151,166,171,193],"azimuths)":[67],"using":[68],"north\u2013south":[70],"east\u2013west":[72],"components":[73],"of":[74,86,107,120,135,164],"residual":[75],"data":[77,172],"bypass":[79],"influences":[80],"resulted":[81],"inhomogeneous":[84],"nature":[85],"Analytical":[89],"results":[90],"showed":[91],"that":[92,190],"relationships":[94],"between":[95],"earthquake":[96,146,154,160],"occurrence":[97,155],"aligned":[100,150,192],"azimuth":[102,194],"passed":[103],"statistical":[105],"test":[106],"Molchan\u2019s":[109],"error":[110],"diagram.":[111],"Aligned":[112],"azimuths":[114,137,152,167],"agreement":[117],"direction":[119],"earthquake-related":[121],"P":[122],"axes":[123],"for":[124,201],"81%":[125],"(26/32)":[126],"studied":[127],"events.":[128],"Areas":[129],"highest":[132],"paralleling":[133],"orientations":[134],"appeared":[138],"around":[139],"epicenters":[140],"several":[141],"days":[142],"weeks":[144],"before":[145,205],"occurrence.":[147],"Durations":[148],"roughly":[157],"proportional":[158],"magnitude.":[161],"Similar":[162],"observed":[169],"containing":[173],"or":[174],"excluding":[175],"co-seismic":[176],"dislocation":[177],"one":[179],"day":[180],"before)":[181],"temporal":[184],"spatial":[186],"domain.":[187],"These":[188],"suggest":[189],"could":[195],"a":[197],"promising":[198],"anomalous":[199],"phenomenon":[200],"studying":[202],"crustal":[203],"deformation":[204],"earthquakes.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-01-30T00:00:00"}