{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002761761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030358","title":"A Novel Approach for Predicting the Height of the Water-Flow Fracture Zone in Undersea Safety Mining","display_name":"A Novel Approach for Predicting the Height of the Water-Flow Fracture Zone in Undersea Safety Mining","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002761761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030358","mag":"3002761761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/358/pdf?version=1580300875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/358/pdf?version=1580300875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037847335","display_name":"Bing Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-9208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of resources environment and safety engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of resources environment and safety engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032779538","display_name":"Ying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-9782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of resources environment and safety engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of resources environment and safety engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032779538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.9467,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83252635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"358","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6565772294998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5619279146194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pillar","display_name":"Pillar","score":0.5482993721961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-error","display_name":"Mean absolute error","score":0.5069149136543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.46557968854904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4338071942329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43108242750167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","score":0.4239656925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39041274785995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.34798556566238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.33119410276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25291508436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24355211853981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20604872703552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.2048695683479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1625574231147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16145822405815125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6565772294998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5619279146194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105289051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930094","display_name":"Pillar","level":2,"score":0.5482993721961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.5069149136543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.46557968854904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4338071942329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43108242750167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4239656925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39041274785995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34798556566238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33119410276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25291508436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24355211853981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20604872703552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2048695683479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1625574231147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16145822405815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/358/pdf?version=1580300875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e0a98a238324a5bbe0d125d698f989b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e0a98a238324a5bbe0d125d698f989b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 358 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/3/358/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 358","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12030358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/358/pdf?version=1580300875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7813997361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51804163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002761761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002761761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969647623","https://openalex.org/W1988503938","https://openalex.org/W2015920215","https://openalex.org/W2055495223","https://openalex.org/W2062483907","https://openalex.org/W2066813588","https://openalex.org/W2093048817","https://openalex.org/W2108704825","https://openalex.org/W2115212772","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2186415152","https://openalex.org/W2349651947","https://openalex.org/W2355757345","https://openalex.org/W2369107314","https://openalex.org/W2373956541","https://openalex.org/W2385126049","https://openalex.org/W2393609906","https://openalex.org/W2438103030","https://openalex.org/W2559113772","https://openalex.org/W2588181048","https://openalex.org/W2601089367","https://openalex.org/W2606954714","https://openalex.org/W2624793201","https://openalex.org/W2732907359","https://openalex.org/W2769668329","https://openalex.org/W2793491444","https://openalex.org/W2872071111","https://openalex.org/W2884486630","https://openalex.org/W2891229908","https://openalex.org/W2900778215","https://openalex.org/W2913775395","https://openalex.org/W2918075964","https://openalex.org/W2927795707","https://openalex.org/W2943592975","https://openalex.org/W2954869684","https://openalex.org/W2969635404","https://openalex.org/W2977971253","https://openalex.org/W2979776411","https://openalex.org/W2979886286","https://openalex.org/W2989896198","https://openalex.org/W2995343944","https://openalex.org/W2998063449","https://openalex.org/W6741380235","https://openalex.org/W6793346535","https://openalex.org/W7058059843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W4224941037","https://openalex.org/W2004826645","https://openalex.org/W3135818052","https://openalex.org/W4247388746","https://openalex.org/W2314720829","https://openalex.org/W3178576217","https://openalex.org/W4221063543","https://openalex.org/W4285794683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142,185,201,217,247],"height":[1,50,175,187,260],"of":[2,16,51,57,60,167,188,261,273,294],"the":[3,14,22,27,49,52,55,58,69,107,110,129,131,146,150,159,168,173,182,189,198,205,224,232,236,240,251,259,262,275,280,289,292],"water-flow":[4],"fracture":[5],"zone":[6],"(WFZ)":[7],"is":[8,24],"an":[9,270],"important":[10],"reference":[11],"for":[12,35,54,95,103,124],"designing":[13],"size":[15,59],"a":[17,42,61],"waterproof":[18,62],"crown":[19,63],"pillar.":[20,64],"Once":[21],"WFZ":[23,53,190,263],"connected":[25],"with":[26,74,223,231],"sea,":[28],"there":[29],"will":[30],"be":[31,255,269],"catastrophic":[32],"consequences,":[33],"especially":[34],"undersea":[36,79,192,265],"mining.":[37],"This":[38],"study":[39,281],"suggests":[40],"using":[41,213],"rotating":[43],"forest":[44,112],"(RoF)":[45],"model":[46,104,152,207,238,253],"to":[47,257],"predict":[48,258],"evaluation":[56],"To":[65],"train":[66],"and":[67,97,116,126,140,161,176,283],"test":[68],"RoF":[70,151,199,206,218,237,252],"model,":[71],"five":[72],"indicators":[73,170],"major":[75],"influencing":[76],"factors":[77],"on":[78,181],"safety":[80,193],"mining":[81,86,174,194],"were":[82,88,93,101,122,134,208],"determined,":[83],"107":[84],"field-measured":[85],"datasets":[87,92,100],"collected,":[89],"75":[90],"(70%)":[91],"used":[94,102],"training,":[96],"32":[98],"(30%)":[99],"testing.":[105],"At":[106],"same":[108],"time,":[109],"random":[111],"ensemble":[113],"algorithm":[114],"(RFR)":[115],"support":[117],"vector":[118],"machine":[119],"(SVM)":[120],"models":[121],"introduced":[123],"comparison":[125,143],"verification;":[127],"in":[128,191,264,279,284,288],"end,":[130],"tested":[132],"results":[133,148,203,220,226,248],"evaluated":[135],"by":[136,210],"RMSE":[137],"(root-mean-square":[138],"error)":[139],"R2.":[141],"shows":[144,171],"that":[145,172,250],"predicted":[147,196,202],"from":[149,158],"are":[153,221],"significantly":[154],"better":[155],"than":[156],"those":[157],"RFR":[160],"SVM":[162],"models.":[163],"An":[164],"importance":[165],"analysis":[166],"impact":[169],"depth":[177],"have":[178],"significant":[179],"impacts":[180],"prediction":[183,219],"results.":[184],"development":[186],"was":[195],"via":[197,204],"model.":[200],"verified":[209],"field":[211],"observations":[212],"panoramic":[214],"borehole":[215],"televiewers.":[216],"consistent":[222],"observation":[225],"at":[227,245],"all":[228],"depths.":[229],"Compared":[230],"other":[233,285],"two":[234],"models,":[235],"has":[239],"smallest":[241],"average":[242],"absolute":[243],"error":[244],"2.87%.":[246],"show":[249],"can":[254],"applied":[256],"mining,":[266],"which":[267],"could":[268],"effective":[271],"way":[272],"minimizing":[274],"mineral":[276],"resource":[277],"waste":[278],"area":[282],"similar":[286],"areas":[287],"world":[290],"under":[291],"premise":[293],"mine":[295],"safety.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
