{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000446647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020280","title":"Multiscale Deep Spatial Feature Extraction Using Virtual RGB Image for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification","display_name":"Multiscale Deep Spatial Feature Extraction Using Virtual RGB Image for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000446647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020280","mag":"3000446647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12020280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/2/280/pdf?version=1579069165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/2/280/pdf?version=1579069165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005053576","display_name":"Liqin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7158-6772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7158-6772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058849690","display_name":"Zhenwei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049136910","display_name":"Bin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3063-1762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404849","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-0649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146919","display_name":"Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03j1pdd39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089685937","display_name":"Huanlin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146919","display_name":"Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03j1pdd39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanlin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030647727","display_name":"Xianchao Lan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146919","display_name":"Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03j1pdd39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianchao Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058849690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.8249,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94075321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"280","last_page":"280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8520089983940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8073598146438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8027389049530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.6155411601066589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5801903605461121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5231208205223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5160257816314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4752756655216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47020775079727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43001294136047363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8520089983940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8073598146438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8027389049530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.6155411601066589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5801903605461121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5231208205223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5160257816314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4752756655216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47020775079727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43001294136047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12020280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/2/280/pdf?version=1579069165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68d5c0fc10954be69fc0acc444d1a225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68d5c0fc10954be69fc0acc444d1a225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 280 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/2/280/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 2; Pages: 280","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12020280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/2/280/pdf?version=1579069165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000446647.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000446647.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491705651","https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1664732650","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1966580635","https://openalex.org/W1969198379","https://openalex.org/W1979158807","https://openalex.org/W1985258458","https://openalex.org/W2011731909","https://openalex.org/W2016860790","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2062432961","https://openalex.org/W2074464158","https://openalex.org/W2078495963","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2097915756","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2153747028","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2406128552","https://openalex.org/W2519653196","https://openalex.org/W2527650001","https://openalex.org/W2533102868","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2608092940","https://openalex.org/W2614326984","https://openalex.org/W2732412926","https://openalex.org/W2743255627","https://openalex.org/W2757242159","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2767805377","https://openalex.org/W2770315464","https://openalex.org/W2773500201","https://openalex.org/W2779530678","https://openalex.org/W2782182972","https://openalex.org/W2784118841","https://openalex.org/W2791006446","https://openalex.org/W2793645503","https://openalex.org/W2894561647","https://openalex.org/W2898381489","https://openalex.org/W2900875621","https://openalex.org/W2902168190","https://openalex.org/W2909721765","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W6756959730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2404757046","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W2076134148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,164],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"deep":[3,22,43],"learning":[4,23],"technology":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9,109],"in":[10,78],"the":[11,35,53,56,60,70,79,84,102,112,116,119,138,145,152,161,166],"field":[12],"of":[13,29,39,55,86,147],"hyperspectral":[14,40,57,120,175],"image":[15,94,169],"classification":[16],"and":[17,59,140],"achieved":[18],"good":[19],"performance.":[20],"However,":[21],"networks":[24,44,104],"need":[25,179],"a":[26,50,75,91,125,130],"large":[27],"amount":[28],"training":[30],"samples,":[31,88],"which":[32,73,101],"conflicts":[33],"with":[34],"limited":[36],"labeled":[37],"samples":[38],"images.":[41,183],"Traditional":[42],"usually":[45],"construct":[46],"each":[47],"pixel":[48],"as":[49,124],"subject,":[51],"ignoring":[52],"integrity":[54],"data":[58,121],"methods":[61,177],"based":[62],"on":[63,105],"feature":[64,132],"extraction":[65],"are":[66,108,122],"likely":[67],"to":[68,110,135,173,180],"lose":[69],"edge":[71],"information":[72],"plays":[74],"crucial":[76],"role":[77],"pixel-level":[80],"classification.":[81,148],"To":[82],"overcome":[83],"limit":[85],"annotation":[87],"we":[89,128],"propose":[90,129],"new":[92],"three-channel":[93,182],"build":[95],"method":[96,134,154],"(virtual":[97],"RGB":[98,168],"image)":[99],"by":[100],"trained":[103,117],"natural":[106],"images":[107],"extract":[111],"spatial":[113],"features.":[114],"Through":[115],"network,":[118],"disposed":[123],"whole.":[126],"Meanwhile,":[127],"multiscale":[131],"fusion":[133],"combine":[136],"both":[137],"detailed":[139],"semantic":[141],"characteristics,":[142],"thus":[143],"promoting":[144],"accuracy":[146],"Experiments":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151,178],"proposed":[153],"can":[155,170],"achieve":[156],"ideal":[157],"results":[158],"better":[159],"than":[160],"state-of-art":[162],"methods.":[163],"addition,":[165],"virtual":[167],"be":[171],"extended":[172],"other":[174],"processing":[176],"use":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}
