{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998052623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010175","title":"Distribution Consistency Loss for Large-Scale Remote Sensing Image Retrieval","display_name":"Distribution Consistency Loss for Large-Scale Remote Sensing Image Retrieval","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998052623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010175","mag":"2998052623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010175","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/175/pdf?version=1578048119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/175/pdf?version=1578048119","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101644318","display_name":"Lili Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-7123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766813","display_name":"Hongwei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-8848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","Editorial Department of Journal (Engineering and Technology Edition), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Editorial Department of Journal (Engineering and Technology Edition), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041479215","display_name":"Haoyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-6439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","Editorial Department of Journal (Engineering and Technology Edition), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Editorial Department of Journal (Engineering and Technology Edition), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041479215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.2366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9333797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"175","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7927864789962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6617134809494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5298364162445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.522715151309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5140129327774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5119965672492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4986879825592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4675986170768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.4456784427165985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43167567253112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4226554334163666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4161868691444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4137457013130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37274911999702454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7927864789962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6617134809494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5298364162445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.522715151309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5140129327774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5119965672492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4986879825592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4675986170768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.4456784427165985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43167567253112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4226554334163666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4161868691444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4137457013130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37274911999702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010175","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/175/pdf?version=1578048119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbb5cb20c4ef4d8da85d8b08275cf553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbb5cb20c4ef4d8da85d8b08275cf553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 175 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/1/175/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 1; Pages: 175","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010175","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/175/pdf?version=1578048119","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5808207521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61841602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W849733348","https://openalex.org/W1487583988","https://openalex.org/W1569769495","https://openalex.org/W1783842908","https://openalex.org/W1912954554","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W1989316905","https://openalex.org/W1990537115","https://openalex.org/W1994002998","https://openalex.org/W2019338222","https://openalex.org/W2033242207","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2068074736","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2105032938","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2135442311","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2174726731","https://openalex.org/W2176040302","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2204975001","https://openalex.org/W2248723555","https://openalex.org/W2249017129","https://openalex.org/W2293277011","https://openalex.org/W2340690086","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2544587078","https://openalex.org/W2549858646","https://openalex.org/W2555897561","https://openalex.org/W2567850185","https://openalex.org/W2590149631","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2605102252","https://openalex.org/W2606611007","https://openalex.org/W2613997951","https://openalex.org/W2626107033","https://openalex.org/W2740643007","https://openalex.org/W2743473392","https://openalex.org/W2750722971","https://openalex.org/W2763822693","https://openalex.org/W2766938848","https://openalex.org/W2767050957","https://openalex.org/W2767621619","https://openalex.org/W2769291631","https://openalex.org/W2843623251","https://openalex.org/W2899164634","https://openalex.org/W2901351317","https://openalex.org/W2913741863","https://openalex.org/W2918316070","https://openalex.org/W2921310091","https://openalex.org/W2936173258","https://openalex.org/W2942105743","https://openalex.org/W2950188904","https://openalex.org/W2950855501","https://openalex.org/W2951239727","https://openalex.org/W2962758570","https://openalex.org/W2962798895","https://openalex.org/W2963026686","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2963256013","https://openalex.org/W2963350250","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963588253","https://openalex.org/W2964157791","https://openalex.org/W2964271799","https://openalex.org/W2976680996","https://openalex.org/W2984618269","https://openalex.org/W3103856189","https://openalex.org/W3105409087","https://openalex.org/W3105475654","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6741587593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2037549926","https://openalex.org/W2188500270","https://openalex.org/W2303858293","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W51364034","https://openalex.org/W2141938446","https://openalex.org/W2898073868","https://openalex.org/W4284663758","https://openalex.org/W2123991572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1,23,36,67,216,228],"images":[2],"are":[3,232],"featured":[4],"by":[5,50,103,174],"massiveness,":[6],"diversity":[7],"and":[8,19,109,163,169,235],"complexity.":[9],"These":[10],"features":[11],"put":[12],"forward":[13],"higher":[14],"requirements":[15],"for":[16,214],"the":[17,43,59,70,123,150,155,158,167,171,175,179,185,189,193,197,241],"speed":[18],"accuracy":[20],"of":[21,62,157,160,188,196],"remote":[22,35,66,215,227],"image":[24,68,217,229],"retrieval.":[25,218],"The":[26],"extraction":[27,140],"method":[28,120,239],"plays":[29],"a":[30,85,97,130],"key":[31],"role":[32],"in":[33,53,65,75,129,134,166],"retrieving":[34],"images.":[37],"Deep":[38],"metric":[39],"learning":[40,51],"(DML)":[41],"captures":[42],"semantic":[44],"similarity":[45],"information":[46,128],"between":[47],"data":[48,64],"points":[49],"embedding":[52],"vector":[54],"space.":[55],"However,":[56],"due":[57,141],"to":[58,90,100,114,136,142,149,154,200],"uneven":[60],"distribution":[61,87,203],"sample":[63,143,177,180,186],"datasets,":[69],"pair-based":[71],"loss":[72,89,172],"currently":[73],"used":[74],"DML":[76],"is":[77],"not":[78],"suitable.":[79],"To":[80],"improve":[81],"this,":[82],"we":[83,95,145,207],"propose":[84],"novel":[86],"consistency":[88,195,204],"solve":[91],"this":[92],"problem.":[93],"First,":[94],"define":[96],"new":[98],"way":[99],"mine":[101],"samples":[102,108,113,152,162,165,191,199],"selecting":[104],"five":[105,110],"in-class":[106],"hard":[107,112,161],"inter-class":[111],"form":[115,201],"an":[116,209],"informative":[117],"set.":[118],"This":[119],"can":[121],"make":[122],"network":[124,212],"extract":[125],"more":[126],"useful":[127],"short":[131],"time.":[132],"Secondly,":[133],"order":[135],"avoid":[137],"inaccurate":[138],"feature":[139],"imbalance,":[144],"assign":[146],"dynamic":[147],"weight":[148],"positive":[151,176,190],"according":[153],"ratio":[156],"number":[159],"easy":[164],"class,":[168],"name":[170],"caused":[173],"as":[178],"balance":[181,187],"loss.":[182,205],"We":[183,219],"combine":[184],"with":[192],"ranking":[194],"negative":[198],"our":[202,238],"Finally,":[206],"built":[208],"end-to-end":[210],"fine-tuning":[211],"suitable":[213],"display":[220],"comprehensive":[221],"experimental":[222],"results":[223],"drawing":[224],"on":[225],"three":[226],"datasets":[230],"that":[231,237],"publicly":[233],"available":[234],"show":[236],"achieves":[240],"state-of-the-art":[242],"performance.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}