{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998530089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010165","title":"SHAtropE\u2014A Regional Gridded ZTD Model for China and the Surrounding Areas","display_name":"SHAtropE\u2014A Regional Gridded ZTD Model for China and the Surrounding Areas","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998530089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010165","mag":"2998530089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010165","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/165/pdf?version=1577961383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/165/pdf?version=1577961383","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073012010","display_name":"Junping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056037777","display_name":"Jungang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7060-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jungang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7060-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058450165","display_name":"Ahao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-1263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200092, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-1263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052385763","display_name":"Junsheng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-4999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsheng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-4999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064837504","display_name":"Yize Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-8087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48840829","display_name":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048nxq511","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yize Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-8087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056037777"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":32.4219,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9920072,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"165","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6638417840003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.6614111065864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5251429080963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5207540988922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.48897039890289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4875163733959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observatory","display_name":"Observatory","score":0.446550577878952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitude","display_name":"Longitude","score":0.4445871412754059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.4405907988548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.42489200830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.36944591999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.36287593841552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.32349884510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20690858364105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12921053171157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09013122320175171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6638417840003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.6614111065864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5251429080963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5207540988922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.48897039890289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4875163733959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.446550577878952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36477","display_name":"Longitude","level":3,"score":0.4445871412754059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.4405907988548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.42489200830459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.36944591999053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.36287593841552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.32349884510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20690858364105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12921053171157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09013122320175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010165","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/165/pdf?version=1577961383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1927df562d04346ba1b757e6a6f382f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1927df562d04346ba1b757e6a6f382f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 165 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/1/165/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 1; Pages: 165","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010165","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/165/pdf?version=1577961383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2101146052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.11673050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2562158013","display_name":"\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7a7a\u57fa\u51c6\u7cbe\u5316\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11673050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3238738533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018B030325001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G377015191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0504300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7194158963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0504300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7296777945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZJ2018-ZD-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998530089.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998530089.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14721100","https://openalex.org/W71924109","https://openalex.org/W1519855838","https://openalex.org/W1765999305","https://openalex.org/W1983985357","https://openalex.org/W1988114896","https://openalex.org/W1994554146","https://openalex.org/W1996821639","https://openalex.org/W2008397460","https://openalex.org/W2014392409","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2052637687","https://openalex.org/W2066989672","https://openalex.org/W2080536822","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2097918869","https://openalex.org/W2102582910","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2118650944","https://openalex.org/W2134691634","https://openalex.org/W2151947457","https://openalex.org/W2151975955","https://openalex.org/W2170647129","https://openalex.org/W2267711533","https://openalex.org/W2281653717","https://openalex.org/W2283647691","https://openalex.org/W2293419160","https://openalex.org/W2494788288","https://openalex.org/W2558686734","https://openalex.org/W2589194226","https://openalex.org/W2589483553","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2766326498","https://openalex.org/W2778099803","https://openalex.org/W2893726365","https://openalex.org/W2943575527","https://openalex.org/W2959540613","https://openalex.org/W2962272362","https://openalex.org/W6600617906","https://openalex.org/W6675448856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084744931","https://openalex.org/W2379261655","https://openalex.org/W2033155270","https://openalex.org/W2039938883","https://openalex.org/W294280116","https://openalex.org/W2902549258","https://openalex.org/W2968867052","https://openalex.org/W4220774937","https://openalex.org/W4306248906","https://openalex.org/W4377834234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"regional":[1,79],"zenith":[2],"tropospheric":[3,15,22,279,305],"delay":[4,16,24,306],"(ZTD)":[5],"empirical":[6],"model,":[7,247,271],"referred":[8],"to":[9,106,157,244],"as":[10,78],"SHAtropE":[11,38,124,166,204,222,273],"(SHanghai":[12],"Astronomical":[13],"observatory":[14],"model\u2014Extended),":[17],"is":[18,76,132],"developed":[19,41],"and":[20,30,62,72,75,90,109,116,187,194,233,240,248,253,287],"provides":[21,126],"propagation":[23],"corrections":[25],"for":[26,143,256,266,281],"users":[27,283],"in":[28,88,134,174,214,217,224,284,302],"China":[29,60,286],"the":[31,44,49,54,70,96,100,103,107,110,127,159,165,190,210,221,225,228,245,249,257,267,270,272,288,295],"surrounding":[32,66,289],"areas":[33],"with":[34,81,139],"improved":[35],"accuracy.":[36],"The":[37,146,200,291],"model":[39,223,280],"was":[40],"based":[42],"on":[43],"ZTD":[45,101,129,140,167,205,296],"time":[46,230],"series":[47],"of":[48,59,65,84,148,171,185,203,231,269,293],"continuous":[50],"GNSS":[51,63,150,282],"sites":[52,64,151],"from":[53,102],"Crustal":[55],"Movement":[56],"Observation":[57],"Network":[58],"(CMONOC)":[61],"areas.":[67,290],"It":[68],"combines":[69],"exponential":[71,97],"periodical":[73,111],"functions":[74],"provided":[77],"grids":[80],"a":[82,182,277],"resolution":[83],"2.5\u00b0":[85],"\u00d7":[86],"2.0\u00b0":[87],"longitude":[89],"latitude.":[91],"At":[92],"each":[93],"grid":[94],"point,":[95],"function":[98],"converts":[99],"site":[104],"height":[105],"ellipsoid,":[108],"terms,":[112],"including":[113],"both":[114],"annual":[115],"semi-annual":[117],"periods,":[118],"describe":[119],"ZTD\u2019s":[120],"temporal":[121],"variation.":[122],"Moreover,":[123],"also":[125,299],"predicted":[128,201],"uncertainty,":[130],"which":[131,180],"valuable":[133],"Precise":[135],"Point":[136],"Positioning":[137],"(PPP)":[138],"being":[141],"constrained":[142],"faster":[144],"convergence.":[145],"data":[147,263],"310":[149],"over":[152,189],"7":[153],"years":[154],"were":[155],"used":[156,301],"validate":[158],"new":[160],"model.":[161,259],"Results":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164],"has":[168,181],"an":[169],"accuracy":[170],"3.5":[172],"cm":[173],"root":[175],"mean":[176,183],"square":[177],"(RMS)":[178],"quantity,":[179],"improvement":[184],"35.2%":[186],"5.4%":[188],"UNB3m":[191,246],"(5.4":[192],"cm)":[193,197],"GPT3":[195,258],"(3.7":[196],"models,":[198],"respectively.":[199],"uncertainty":[202,297],"shows":[206],"seasonal":[207],"variations,":[208],"where":[209],"values":[211],"are":[212,236,251,264],"larger":[213],"summer":[215],"than":[216],"winter.":[218],"By":[219],"applying":[220],"static":[226],"PPP,":[227],"convergence":[229],"GPS-only":[232],"BDS-only":[234],"solutions":[235],"reduced":[237],"by":[238],"8.1%":[239],"14.5%":[241],"respectively":[242,255],"compared":[243],"reductions":[250],"6.9%":[252],"11.2%":[254],"As":[260],"no":[261],"meteorological":[262],"required":[265],"implementation":[268],"could":[274],"thus":[275],"be":[276,300],"refined":[278],"mainland":[285],"method":[292],"modeling":[294],"can":[298],"further":[303],"global":[304],"modeling.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}