{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997224422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010133","title":"Extraction of Information about Individual Trees from High-Spatial-Resolution UAV-Acquired Images of an Orchard","display_name":"Extraction of Information about Individual Trees from High-Spatial-Resolution UAV-Acquired Images of an Orchard","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997224422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010133","mag":"2997224422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/133/pdf?version=1577865574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/133/pdf?version=1577865574","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025047397","display_name":"Xinyu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-4826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-4826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363606","display_name":"Zhichao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-2384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048073234","display_name":"Ruiyang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-8092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiyang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037356762","display_name":"Qingjiu Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0986-6479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingjiu Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102277946","display_name":"Xicun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xicun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai\u2019an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037356762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":3.9713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94624252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"133","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.7791999578475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchard","display_name":"Orchard","score":0.7011390328407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6404300928115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5438533425331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5307234525680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5003395080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5000135898590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plot","display_name":"Plot (graphics)","score":0.4781840145587921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"Photogrammetry","score":0.4440460503101349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed","display_name":"Watershed","score":0.4284554719924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4143669307231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3748360872268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3203800916671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2688175439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.21517950296401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14132186770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1394686996936798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11855632066726685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.7791999578475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236371","display_name":"Orchard","level":2,"score":0.7011390328407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6404300928115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5438533425331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5307234525680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5003395080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5000135898590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167651023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474611","display_name":"Plot (graphics)","level":2,"score":0.4781840145587921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.4440460503101349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.4284554719924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4143669307231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3748360872268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3203800916671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2688175439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.21517950296401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14132186770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1394686996936798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11855632066726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/133/pdf?version=1577865574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad3264b10f944eebafd99082435c184e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad3264b10f944eebafd99082435c184e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 133 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/1/133/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 1; Pages: 133","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/133/pdf?version=1577865574","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4726189086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5081083226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03-Y20A04-9001-17/18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7448558121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0600903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997224422.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997224422.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178532007","https://openalex.org/W1162739052","https://openalex.org/W1559528524","https://openalex.org/W1944944177","https://openalex.org/W1949157008","https://openalex.org/W1966579280","https://openalex.org/W1978331315","https://openalex.org/W2054267561","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2064636932","https://openalex.org/W2066312471","https://openalex.org/W2067853114","https://openalex.org/W2128866545","https://openalex.org/W2182749117","https://openalex.org/W2185567767","https://openalex.org/W2317191508","https://openalex.org/W2324285853","https://openalex.org/W2482693827","https://openalex.org/W2588275992","https://openalex.org/W2593003858","https://openalex.org/W2606434245","https://openalex.org/W2620891588","https://openalex.org/W2623445822","https://openalex.org/W2729164367","https://openalex.org/W2752278344","https://openalex.org/W2768153469","https://openalex.org/W2790915795","https://openalex.org/W2796233318","https://openalex.org/W2801837235","https://openalex.org/W2802471887","https://openalex.org/W2807092502","https://openalex.org/W2810482441","https://openalex.org/W2900538645","https://openalex.org/W2900875525","https://openalex.org/W2901867974","https://openalex.org/W2902048518","https://openalex.org/W2902658278","https://openalex.org/W2903052844","https://openalex.org/W2904027073","https://openalex.org/W2906116753","https://openalex.org/W2911264809","https://openalex.org/W2912706692","https://openalex.org/W2914008080","https://openalex.org/W2914321566","https://openalex.org/W2922369509","https://openalex.org/W2938586265","https://openalex.org/W2963992613","https://openalex.org/W3124777458","https://openalex.org/W4233643950","https://openalex.org/W4254171388","https://openalex.org/W6627602720","https://openalex.org/W6666487912","https://openalex.org/W6686434029","https://openalex.org/W6736681463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532075541","https://openalex.org/W2368026034","https://openalex.org/W2367777051","https://openalex.org/W3087014565","https://openalex.org/W1657914084","https://openalex.org/W2063656053","https://openalex.org/W2780686954","https://openalex.org/W2558589469","https://openalex.org/W2289170574","https://openalex.org/W2393277939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,169,206,220],"extraction":[1],"of":[2,13,67,103,134,146,166,171,184,187,194,198,208,226,252,260,266,273,292,297,325],"information":[3,44,76],"about":[4,45,77],"individual":[5,46,78,167,227,253,267,293,326],"trees":[6,47,79,90,95,188,228,309,316],"is":[7,56],"essential":[8],"to":[9,74,330],"supporting":[10],"the":[11,65,101,119,132,135,144,161,172,185,190,204,209,223,241,250,261,264,290,321],"growing":[12],"fruit":[14],"in":[15,80,213,233],"orchard":[16,82],"management.":[17],"Data":[18],"acquired":[19],"from":[20,121,203],"spectral":[21],"sensors":[22],"mounted":[23],"on":[24,71],"unmanned":[25],"aerial":[26],"vehicles":[27],"(UAVs)":[28],"have":[29],"very":[30],"high":[31],"spatial":[32],"and":[33,39,52,63,93,113,124,143,154,163,189,192,231,236,245,276,284,300,312,323],"temporal":[34],"resolution.":[35],"However,":[36],"an":[37,68,81],"efficient":[38],"reliable":[40],"method":[41,153,174,211],"for":[42,160,222,249,258,281,289,305],"extracting":[43,75],"with":[48,83,181,216],"irregular":[49],"tree-crown":[50],"shapes":[51],"a":[53,84,104,150],"complicated":[54,85],"background":[55,86],"lacking.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"study,":[60],"we":[61],"developed":[62],"tested":[64],"performance":[66],"approach,":[69],"based":[70],"UAV":[72],"imagery,":[73],"that":[87],"includes":[88],"apple":[89],"(Plot":[91,96],"1)":[92],"pear":[94],"2).":[97],"workflow":[99],"involves":[100],"construction":[102],"digital":[105,109,114],"orthophoto":[106],"map":[107],"(DOM),":[108],"surface":[110],"models":[111,116],"(DSMs),":[112],"terrain":[115],"(DTMs)":[117],"using":[118],"Structure":[120],"Motion":[122],"(SfM)":[123],"Multi-View":[125],"Stereo":[126],"(MVS)":[127],"approaches,":[128],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"calculation":[133],"Excess":[136,139],"Green":[137],"minus":[138],"Red":[140],"Index":[141],"(ExGR)":[142],"selection":[145],"various":[147],"thresholds.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"local-maxima":[151],"filter":[152],"marker-controlled":[155],"watershed":[156],"segmentation":[157],"were":[158,201,229,255,279,303,328],"used":[159],"detection":[162],"delineation,":[164],"respectively,":[165,239,287],"trees.":[168],"accuracy":[170],"proposed":[173,210],"was":[175],"evaluated":[176],"by":[177],"comparing":[178],"its":[179],"results":[180,207],"manual":[182,218],"estimates":[183],"numbers":[186,225],"areas":[191,322],"diameters":[193,324],"tree-crowns,":[195,268,294],"all":[196],"three":[197],"which":[199],"parameters":[200],"obtained":[202,280,304],"DOM.":[205],"are":[212],"good":[214],"agreement":[215],"these":[217],"estimates:":[219],"F-scores":[221],"estimated":[224],"99.0%":[230],"99.3%":[232],"Plot":[234,237,282,285,306,313],"1":[235,283,307],"2,":[238,286],"while":[240,288],"Producer\u2019s":[242],"Accuracy":[243,247],"(PA)":[244],"User\u2019s":[246],"(UA)":[248],"delineation":[251],"tree-crowns":[254,327],"above":[256],"95%":[257],"both":[259],"plots.":[262],"For":[263],"area":[265],"root-mean-square":[269],"error":[270],"(RMSE)":[271],"values":[272,296],"0.72":[274],"m2":[275,278],"0.48":[277],"diameter":[291],"RMSE":[295],"0.39":[298],"m":[299,302],"0.26":[301],"(339":[308],"correctly":[310,317],"identified)":[311],"2":[314],"(203":[315],"identified),":[318],"respectively.":[319],"Both":[320],"overestimated":[329],"varying":[331],"degrees.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}