{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998068843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010108","title":"Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using Multi-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks from Geostationary Satellite Data","display_name":"Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using Multi-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks from Geostationary Satellite Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998068843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010108","mag":"2998068843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010108","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/108/pdf?version=1577527824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/108/pdf?version=1577527824","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396200","display_name":"Juhyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-1134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069161853","display_name":"Jungho Im","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-6877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jungho Im","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-6877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072920233","display_name":"Dong\u2010Hyun Cha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-6741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Hyun Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085687141","display_name":"Haemi Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haemi Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science in the University of Tokyo, A building, 4 Chome-6-1 Komaba, Meguro City, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-0713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science in the University of Tokyo, A building, 4 Chome-6-1 Komaba, Meguro City, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038063120","display_name":"Seongmun Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-1511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongmun Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-1511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069161853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.7393,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97625063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"108","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.8042929172515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.789923906326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7005850076675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6910563111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-cyclone","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","score":0.6675020456314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5845664739608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.570472240447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5603090524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5147855281829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43141481280326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37909236550331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3612118363380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3216431140899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17954811453819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1422116458415985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10798177123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09586238861083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09529104828834534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.8042929172515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.789923906326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7005850076675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6910563111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29141058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8092","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","level":2,"score":0.6675020456314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5845664739608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.570472240447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5603090524673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5147855281829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43141481280326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37909236550331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3612118363380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3216431140899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17954811453819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1422116458415985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10798177123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09586238861083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09529104828834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010108","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/108/pdf?version=1577527824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b8e3c0d7d1f498ea5fece87dfb39f60","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b8e3c0d7d1f498ea5fece87dfb39f60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 108 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/1/108/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 12; Issue 1; Pages: 108","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/31129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ARTICLE"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010108","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/108/pdf?version=1577527824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5373798372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-MOIS32-015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327527","funder_display_name":"Ministry of the Interior and Safety"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5482910454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017M1A3A3A02015981","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G60073121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2019-2018-0-01424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G92393803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2016M3C4A7952637","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327527","display_name":"Ministry of the Interior and Safety","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998068843.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525870695","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1597286183","https://openalex.org/W1644641054","https://openalex.org/W1645858368","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1976844658","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W1988656709","https://openalex.org/W1999640683","https://openalex.org/W2023250604","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2039315311","https://openalex.org/W2044749733","https://openalex.org/W2053839664","https://openalex.org/W2058998445","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2062272434","https://openalex.org/W2067495870","https://openalex.org/W2067625322","https://openalex.org/W2069911320","https://openalex.org/W2078770669","https://openalex.org/W2080441940","https://openalex.org/W2093920580","https://openalex.org/W2094040832","https://openalex.org/W2097803670","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117722039","https://openalex.org/W2124363224","https://openalex.org/W2128456061","https://openalex.org/W2137948892","https://openalex.org/W2139187550","https://openalex.org/W2149926462","https://openalex.org/W2153963722","https://openalex.org/W2157286938","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167905626","https://openalex.org/W2174421778","https://openalex.org/W2179290474","https://openalex.org/W2277497547","https://openalex.org/W2301358467","https://openalex.org/W2541249978","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2610166850","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2766018291","https://openalex.org/W2792301241","https://openalex.org/W2793091350","https://openalex.org/W2864957534","https://openalex.org/W2902003737","https://openalex.org/W2909156520","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2932915765","https://openalex.org/W2944982694","https://openalex.org/W2954994501","https://openalex.org/W2963374347","https://openalex.org/W2964059111","https://openalex.org/W2964159778","https://openalex.org/W2964248288","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3140285855","https://openalex.org/W4206099586","https://openalex.org/W6685336383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023364053","https://openalex.org/W137969429","https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W2372577889","https://openalex.org/W2348416959","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W3183138738","https://openalex.org/W2069341891","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W2966054461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"a":[1,9,36,45,69,111,134,152,212],"long":[2],"time,":[3],"researchers":[4],"have":[5],"tried":[6],"to":[7,11,76,95,149,219],"find":[8],"way":[10],"analyze":[12,96],"tropical":[13],"cyclone":[14],"(TC)":[15],"intensity":[16,28,79,150,170],"in":[17,121,182],"real-time.":[18],"Since":[19],"there":[20,43],"is":[21,35,44,156,187],"no":[22],"standardized":[23],"method":[24,34,197],"for":[25],"estimating":[26],"TC":[27,52,78,105,146,180,195,204],"and":[29,54,90,104],"the":[30,51,97,126,130,141,159,167,169,172,174,176,179,183,190,193,209,221],"most":[31],"widely":[32],"used":[33,94,218],"manual":[37],"algorithm":[38],"using":[39,129,151],"satellite-based":[40,145],"cloud":[41,83],"images,":[42],"bias":[46],"that":[47,72,166,211],"varies":[48],"depending":[49],"on":[50,202],"center":[53,181],"shape.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"study,":[58],"we":[59,139],"adopted":[60],"convolutional":[61],"neural":[62],"networks":[63],"(CNNs)":[64],"which":[65,155],"are":[66],"part":[67],"of":[68,117,143,158,162,171,178,224],"state-of-art":[70],"approach":[71,132,215],"analyzes":[73],"image":[74],"patterns":[75],"estimate":[77],"by":[80],"mimicking":[81],"human":[82],"pattern":[84],"recognition.":[85],"Both":[86],"two":[87],"dimensional-CNN":[88],"(2D-CNN)":[89],"three-dimensional-CNN":[91],"(3D-CNN)":[92],"were":[93],"relationship":[98],"between":[99],"multi-spectral":[100,144],"geostationary":[101],"satellite":[102],"images":[103,147],"intensity.":[106],"Our":[107,206],"best-optimized":[108],"model":[109,128],"produced":[110],"root":[112],"mean":[113],"squared":[114],"error":[115],"(RMSE)":[116],"8.32":[118],"kts,":[119],"resulting":[120],"better":[122],"performance":[123],"(~35%)":[124],"than":[125],"existing":[127,194],"CNN-based":[131],"with":[133,189,198],"single":[135],"channel":[136],"image.":[137],"Moreover,":[138],"analyzed":[140],"characteristics":[142,223],"according":[148],"heat":[153],"map,":[154],"one":[157],"visualization":[160],"means":[161],"CNNs.":[163],"It":[164],"shows":[165],"stronger":[168],"TC,":[173],"greater":[175],"influence":[177],"lower":[184],"atmosphere.":[185],"This":[186],"consistent":[188],"results":[191],"from":[192],"initialization":[196],"numerical":[199],"simulations":[200],"based":[201],"dynamical":[203],"models.":[205],"study":[207],"suggests":[208],"possibility":[210],"deep":[213],"learning":[214],"can":[216],"be":[217],"interpret":[220],"behavior":[222],"TCs.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}