{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998391859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010045","title":"External Groundwater Alleviates the Degradation of Closed Lakes in Semi-Arid Regions of China","display_name":"External Groundwater Alleviates the Degradation of Closed Lakes in Semi-Arid Regions of China","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998391859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010045","mag":"2998391859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/45/pdf?version=1576846522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/45/pdf?version=1576846522","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434194","display_name":"Jiaqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-1616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052335163","display_name":"Jiming Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-6495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-6495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369025","display_name":"Ning Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4358-6449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4358-6449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684807","display_name":"Qingwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-9881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712247","display_name":"Wang Jian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-0214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-0214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100369025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87068297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater","display_name":"Groundwater","score":0.7470488548278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-recharge","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","score":0.7377625107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.7260497808456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6821593046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid","display_name":"Arid","score":0.6784713268280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.5561820864677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infiltration","display_name":"Infiltration (HVAC)","score":0.5103570818901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"Irrigation","score":0.49055737257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-season","display_name":"Wet season","score":0.448247492313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/woodland","display_name":"Woodland","score":0.43944311141967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.4303530752658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-management","display_name":"Water resource management","score":0.36651933193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.343065083026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquifer","display_name":"Aquifer","score":0.16776826977729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11365047097206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08667519688606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.06452363729476929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.7470488548278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174091901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","level":4,"score":0.7377625107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.7260497808456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6821593046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.6784713268280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.5561820864677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153400128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150731","display_name":"Infiltration (HVAC)","level":2,"score":0.5103570818901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.49055737257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52322663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117517","display_name":"Wet season","level":2,"score":0.448247492313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203174812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241565","display_name":"Woodland","level":2,"score":0.43944311141967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4303530752658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.36651933193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.343065083026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.16776826977729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11365047097206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08667519688606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.06452363729476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/45/pdf?version=1576846522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/12/1/45/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs12010045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/45/pdf?version=1576846522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1930639794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016B07114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2979716173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3399166640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0502700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4160404470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013M541035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G728404460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7871336033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013M541035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998391859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998391859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18274945","https://openalex.org/W1094340634","https://openalex.org/W1969974566","https://openalex.org/W1971218395","https://openalex.org/W1984655738","https://openalex.org/W1999904606","https://openalex.org/W2020514916","https://openalex.org/W2021682235","https://openalex.org/W2027625496","https://openalex.org/W2034903371","https://openalex.org/W2035508703","https://openalex.org/W2036489687","https://openalex.org/W2040895247","https://openalex.org/W2046740367","https://openalex.org/W2049602511","https://openalex.org/W2051852862","https://openalex.org/W2052412820","https://openalex.org/W2060509986","https://openalex.org/W2089230559","https://openalex.org/W2104035276","https://openalex.org/W2104301422","https://openalex.org/W2111050885","https://openalex.org/W2122830379","https://openalex.org/W2122831192","https://openalex.org/W2135385694","https://openalex.org/W2158989104","https://openalex.org/W2322361694","https://openalex.org/W2333990577","https://openalex.org/W2357686933","https://openalex.org/W2358528216","https://openalex.org/W2362028693","https://openalex.org/W2394234839","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2548476632","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2587016731","https://openalex.org/W2605886280","https://openalex.org/W2757286092","https://openalex.org/W2794589340","https://openalex.org/W2806742701","https://openalex.org/W2902505103","https://openalex.org/W2972021214","https://openalex.org/W2980442449","https://openalex.org/W3122033040","https://openalex.org/W4240290014","https://openalex.org/W6642787554","https://openalex.org/W6650517544","https://openalex.org/W6676447854","https://openalex.org/W6678092885","https://openalex.org/W6707201650","https://openalex.org/W6767453607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391400003","https://openalex.org/W2356240650","https://openalex.org/W2320137819","https://openalex.org/W2374606273","https://openalex.org/W4281488505","https://openalex.org/W4205297450","https://openalex.org/W4200568783","https://openalex.org/W181059027","https://openalex.org/W132219319","https://openalex.org/W2369067350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1],"a":[2],"large":[3],"number":[4],"of":[5,14,21,37,40,47,49,55,59,65,84,100,121,144,186,206,223,235,241],"lakes":[6,42,51],"with":[7,62,108,133,174],"beaded":[8],"distribution":[9],"in":[10,125,158,164,215],"the":[11,15,29,35,38,45,53,56,60,63,82,98,109,119,126,151,156,162,168,181,187,194,201,204,210,232,239],"semi-arid":[12],"areas":[13],"Inner":[16],"Mongolian":[17],"Plateau,":[18],"and":[19,52,76,87,112,140,161,167,184,228],"some":[20],"them":[22],"have":[23],"degraded":[24],"or":[25],"even":[26],"disappeared":[27],"during":[28],"past":[30],"three":[31],"decades.":[32],"We":[33],"studied":[34,81],"reasons":[36],"disappearance":[39],"these":[41,50,67],"by":[43],"determining":[44],"way":[46],"replenishment":[48],"impact":[54],"natural-social":[57],"environment":[58],"basin,":[61],"aim":[64],"saving":[66],"gradually":[68],"disappearing":[69],"lakes.":[70],"Based":[71],"on":[72],"remote":[73],"sensing":[74],"image":[75],"hydrological":[77],"analysis,":[78],"this":[79,175],"paper":[80],"recharge":[83,183],"Daihai":[85,152,207],"Lake":[86,153,217],"Huangqihai":[88,216],"Lake.":[89],"The":[90,103],"deep":[91],"learning":[92],"method":[93,105,115],"was":[94,106],"used":[95],"to":[96,116,250],"establish":[97],"time-series":[99,120],"lake":[101,170,236,252],"evolution.":[102],"same":[104],"combined":[107,132],"innovative":[110],"woodland":[111],"farmland":[113],"extraction":[114,240],"set":[117],"up":[118],"ground":[122],"classification":[123],"composition":[124],"basins.":[127],"Using":[128],"relevant":[129],"survey":[130],"data,":[131],"soil":[134],"water":[135,138,146],"infiltration":[136],"test,":[137],"chemical,":[139],"isotopic":[141],"signature":[142],"analysis":[143],"various":[145],"bodies,":[147],"we":[148,179],"found":[149],"that":[150,193],"area":[154],"is":[155,171,197,213,231,246],"largest":[157],"dry":[159],"season":[160,166],"smallest":[163],"rainy":[165],"other":[169],"not":[172],"satisfied":[173],"phenomenon.":[176],"In":[177],"addition,":[178],"calculated":[180],"specific":[182],"consumption":[185],"study":[188],"basin.":[189],"These":[190],"experiments":[191],"indicated":[192],"exogenous":[195,211],"groundwater":[196,212,224,242],"recharged":[198,214],"directly":[199],"through":[200,218],"faults":[202],"at":[203],"bottom":[205],"Lake,":[208],"while":[209],"rivers":[219],"indirectly.":[220],"Large-scale":[221],"exploitation":[222],"for":[225,243],"agricultural":[226,244],"irrigation":[227,245],"industrial":[229],"production":[230],"main":[233],"cause":[234],"degradation.":[237],"Reducing":[238],"an":[247],"important":[248],"measure":[249],"restore":[251],"ecology.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}