{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995516913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243002","title":"Filtering the NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data for Improved Detection of Settlements in Africa","display_name":"Filtering the NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data for Improved Detection of Settlements in Africa","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995516913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243002","mag":"2995516913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11243002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/3002/pdf?version=1576235450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/3002/pdf?version=1576235450","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091482599","display_name":"Xiaotian Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotian Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405681","display_name":"Jia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071094661","display_name":"Massimo Menenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-4556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["CN","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Menenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025821839","display_name":"Jie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-4261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["CN","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis &amp; Simulation of Hubei Province, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis &amp; Simulation of Hubei Province, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033553593","display_name":"Qiting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-0131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100405681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73725457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"24","first_page":"3002","last_page":"3002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","score":0.8615041971206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7295348048210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-settlement","display_name":"Human settlement","score":0.6465868353843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5091909766197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2520996332168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.18200844526290894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948273","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","level":3,"score":0.8615041971206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7295348048210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.6465868353843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5091909766197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2520996332168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.18200844526290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11243002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/3002/pdf?version=1576235450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:27a63864-c151-4110-9636-89cc5c3f293d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:27a63864-c151-4110-9636-89cc5c3f293d","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:27a63864-c151-4110-9636-89cc5c3f293d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/24/3002/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11243002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 24; Pages: 3002","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11243002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11243002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/3002/pdf?version=1576235450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1211706005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1721735004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495064427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19030203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5169721444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G846595773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41661144022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8877176279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. XDA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337720","display_name":"National Centers for Environmental Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0wrp59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995516913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995516913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29988308","https://openalex.org/W1494665070","https://openalex.org/W1496830370","https://openalex.org/W1568383588","https://openalex.org/W1828947848","https://openalex.org/W1850115818","https://openalex.org/W1898201454","https://openalex.org/W1963618769","https://openalex.org/W1977568612","https://openalex.org/W1977945389","https://openalex.org/W1983519135","https://openalex.org/W1984636348","https://openalex.org/W1985137063","https://openalex.org/W1990305611","https://openalex.org/W1993925271","https://openalex.org/W2004126227","https://openalex.org/W2010989045","https://openalex.org/W2012997843","https://openalex.org/W2017193277","https://openalex.org/W2017708700","https://openalex.org/W2032920078","https://openalex.org/W2047080122","https://openalex.org/W2049423820","https://openalex.org/W2052133049","https://openalex.org/W2060629584","https://openalex.org/W2069624290","https://openalex.org/W2077225073","https://openalex.org/W2089134580","https://openalex.org/W2091793895","https://openalex.org/W2098453963","https://openalex.org/W2102348315","https://openalex.org/W2118754311","https://openalex.org/W2122883581","https://openalex.org/W2140659260","https://openalex.org/W2143830832","https://openalex.org/W2145811831","https://openalex.org/W2146122645","https://openalex.org/W2146585403","https://openalex.org/W2150553106","https://openalex.org/W2154665623","https://openalex.org/W2169119906","https://openalex.org/W2207299642","https://openalex.org/W2221419061","https://openalex.org/W2262751035","https://openalex.org/W2309284594","https://openalex.org/W2335925422","https://openalex.org/W2351449897","https://openalex.org/W2390624765","https://openalex.org/W2463601549","https://openalex.org/W2485833312","https://openalex.org/W2625380067","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2740326421","https://openalex.org/W2791774156","https://openalex.org/W2800917507","https://openalex.org/W2804362228","https://openalex.org/W2922502341","https://openalex.org/W2950473707","https://openalex.org/W2955660171","https://openalex.org/W2963578416","https://openalex.org/W3215615602","https://openalex.org/W4250567983","https://openalex.org/W4251849772","https://openalex.org/W6634151946","https://openalex.org/W6672873731","https://openalex.org/W6825606191","https://openalex.org/W7042647933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2508448752","https://openalex.org/W2756445076","https://openalex.org/W2976724510","https://openalex.org/W1996662002","https://openalex.org/W2118313227","https://openalex.org/W2607812891","https://openalex.org/W2785514354","https://openalex.org/W4384306252","https://openalex.org/W2021849967","https://openalex.org/W2903072688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Observing":[0],"and":[1,26,45,65,171,190,202,246],"understanding":[2,298],"changes":[3],"in":[4,9,60,115,143,236,287,291],"Africa":[5,64,213],"is":[6,122],"a":[7,70,111,240,296],"hotspot":[8],"global":[10],"ecological":[11],"environmental":[12,22],"research":[13],"since":[14],"the":[15,61,74,87,126,147,155,177,187,203,216,224,233,260,270],"early":[16],"1970s.":[17],"As":[18],"possible":[19],"causes":[20],"of":[21,34,128,149,212,244,251,276,299],"degradation,":[23],"frequent":[24],"droughts":[25],"human":[27,43,289,300],"activities":[28,44],"attracted":[29],"wide":[30],"attention.":[31],"Remote":[32],"sensing":[33],"nighttime":[35,58,81,98,131,158,183,227],"light":[36,59,99,132,159,184,228],"provides":[37],"an":[38],"effective":[39],"way":[40],"to":[41,68,79,84,145],"map":[42,211],"assess":[46],"their":[47,169],"intensity.":[48],"To":[49],"identify":[50,80,164],"settlements":[51,67,85,250,290],"more":[52],"effectively,":[53,267],"this":[54],"study":[55],"focused":[56],"on":[57],"northern":[62],"Equatorial":[63],"Sahel":[66],"propose":[69],"new":[71,112,156,225,280],"method,":[72],"namely,":[73],"patches":[75],"filtering":[76],"method":[77,261],"(PFM)":[78],"lights":[82,135,275],"related":[83],"from":[86,139,186],"National":[88,188,194],"Polar-orbiting":[89],"Partnership":[90],"Visible":[91],"Infrared":[92],"Imaging":[93],"Radiometer":[94],"Suite":[95],"(NPP-VIIRS)":[96],"monthly":[97,130],"data":[100,185,229],"by":[101,106,215],"separating":[102],"signal":[103],"components":[104],"induced":[105],"biomass":[107,140,150,263],"burning,":[108],"thereby":[109],"generating":[110],"annual":[113,182,226,282],"image":[114,160,178,283],"2016.":[116],"The":[117,279],"results":[118],"show":[119,153],"that":[120,154,223,259],"PFM":[121],"useful":[123],"for":[124,196,200,249],"improving":[125],"quality":[127],"NPP-VIIRS":[129,181],"data.":[133],"Settlement":[134],"were":[136],"effectively":[137,163],"separated":[138],"burning":[141,264],"lights,":[142],"addition":[144],"capturing":[146,237],"seasonality":[148],"burning.":[151],"We":[152,175,221],"2016":[157,201,210,281],"can":[161],"very":[162,266],"even":[165],"small":[166,277],"settlements,":[167,238],"notwithstanding":[168],"fragmentation":[170],"unstable":[172],"power":[173],"supply.":[174],"compared":[176],"with":[179,239],"earlier":[180],"Oceanic":[189],"Atmospheric":[191],"Administration":[192],"(NOAA)":[193],"Center":[195],"Environmental":[197],"Information":[198],"(NCEI)":[199],"Sentinel-2":[204],"prototype":[205],"Land":[206],"Cover":[207],"20":[208],"m":[209],"released":[214],"European":[217],"Space":[218],"Agency":[219],"(ESA-S2-AFRICA-LC20).":[220],"found":[222],"performed":[230],"best":[231],"among":[232],"three":[234],"datasets":[235],"high":[241],"recognition":[242],"rate":[243],"61.8%,":[245],"absolute":[247],"superiority":[248],"2.5":[252],"square":[253],"kilometers":[254],"or":[255],"less.":[256],"This":[257],"shows":[258],"separates":[262],"signals":[265],"while":[268],"retaining":[269],"relatively":[271],"stable,":[272],"although":[273],"dim,":[274],"settlements.":[278],"demonstrates":[284],"good":[285],"performance":[286],"identifying":[288],"sparsely":[292],"populated":[293],"areas":[294],"toward":[295],"better":[297],"activities.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
