{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993084136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242934","title":"Mapping of Soil Total Nitrogen Content in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin in China Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing-Derived Variables","display_name":"Mapping of Soil Total Nitrogen Content in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin in China Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing-Derived Variables","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993084136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242934","mag":"2993084136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11242934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2934/pdf?version=1575707606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2934/pdf?version=1575707606","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081059188","display_name":"Tao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-0709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137479271","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000h6jb29","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany","Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059927390","display_name":"Yajun Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037280151","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-3025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073977795","display_name":"Chuanliang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-9153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087107","display_name":"Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001f9e125","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanliang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing 210014, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing 210014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025663121","display_name":"Dagmar Haase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137479271","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000h6jb29","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagmar Haase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany","Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085861870","display_name":"Angela Lausch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-7232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137479271","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000h6jb29","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Lausch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany","Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081059188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271","https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.144,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76119992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"24","first_page":"2934","last_page":"2934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7285542488098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5822649002075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.550410807132721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5116236805915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.47831466794013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4213227927684784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.341728150844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25802934169769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20989510416984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19250079989433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09671401977539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08342176675796509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7285542488098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5822649002075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.550410807132721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5116236805915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.47831466794013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4213227927684784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.341728150844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25802934169769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20989510416984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19250079989433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09671401977539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08342176675796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11242934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2934/pdf?version=1575707606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.hu-berlin.de:18452/22600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/22600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400923","display_name":"edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","host_organization_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/24/2934/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11242934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2934/pdf?version=1575707606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2993084136.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2993084136.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W761104608","https://openalex.org/W890974504","https://openalex.org/W1471436312","https://openalex.org/W1952396461","https://openalex.org/W1964050971","https://openalex.org/W1964278280","https://openalex.org/W1968245576","https://openalex.org/W1969453331","https://openalex.org/W1971296091","https://openalex.org/W1983290796","https://openalex.org/W1984579032","https://openalex.org/W1990638218","https://openalex.org/W2006534329","https://openalex.org/W2019706907","https://openalex.org/W2024760708","https://openalex.org/W2026702986","https://openalex.org/W2033275656","https://openalex.org/W2048503234","https://openalex.org/W2052762984","https://openalex.org/W2052804079","https://openalex.org/W2055919454","https://openalex.org/W2058232479","https://openalex.org/W2060794423","https://openalex.org/W2072180807","https://openalex.org/W2075505566","https://openalex.org/W2078712779","https://openalex.org/W2082840891","https://openalex.org/W2104275888","https://openalex.org/W2132606767","https://openalex.org/W2135695572","https://openalex.org/W2140131090","https://openalex.org/W2143225633","https://openalex.org/W2148859990","https://openalex.org/W2156456391","https://openalex.org/W2161514282","https://openalex.org/W2168016690","https://openalex.org/W2193114191","https://openalex.org/W2290606251","https://openalex.org/W2343199820","https://openalex.org/W2344344833","https://openalex.org/W2484530737","https://openalex.org/W2526491654","https://openalex.org/W2527323007","https://openalex.org/W2582794771","https://openalex.org/W2583931072","https://openalex.org/W2589872536","https://openalex.org/W2591612731","https://openalex.org/W2594368475","https://openalex.org/W2599372359","https://openalex.org/W2625696751","https://openalex.org/W2653815135","https://openalex.org/W2734669566","https://openalex.org/W2757592514","https://openalex.org/W2765298089","https://openalex.org/W2766755775","https://openalex.org/W2772446939","https://openalex.org/W2776418637","https://openalex.org/W2776440087","https://openalex.org/W2778312486","https://openalex.org/W2790248359","https://openalex.org/W2791276982","https://openalex.org/W2792422161","https://openalex.org/W2793072624","https://openalex.org/W2794275769","https://openalex.org/W2795995267","https://openalex.org/W2798000776","https://openalex.org/W2810397861","https://openalex.org/W2883824776","https://openalex.org/W2890179699","https://openalex.org/W2892832979","https://openalex.org/W2896199298","https://openalex.org/W2900229160","https://openalex.org/W2901361750","https://openalex.org/W2903885536","https://openalex.org/W2908175827","https://openalex.org/W2908549757","https://openalex.org/W2909736607","https://openalex.org/W2910835070","https://openalex.org/W2911470906","https://openalex.org/W2912380233","https://openalex.org/W2912437039","https://openalex.org/W2914510449","https://openalex.org/W2914540485","https://openalex.org/W2921939037","https://openalex.org/W2923985287","https://openalex.org/W2946413603","https://openalex.org/W2953707985","https://openalex.org/W4206050463","https://openalex.org/W4253024317","https://openalex.org/W6665798129","https://openalex.org/W6758919689","https://openalex.org/W6833998788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W4224941037","https://openalex.org/W2004826645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"total":[1],"nitrogen":[2,18],"(STN)":[3],"is":[4,25],"an":[5],"important":[6,236],"indicator":[7],"of":[8,22,31,42,48,69,82,103,137,166,195,210,260],"soil":[9,32,45,275],"quality":[10],"and":[11,78,90,127,129,151,181,189,221,226,244,251,285,291],"plays":[12],"a":[13,39,142],"key":[14],"role":[15],"in":[16,96,99,108,213,248,302],"global":[17],"cycling.":[19],"Accurate":[20],"prediction":[21,135],"STN":[23,60,75,97,240,299],"content":[24,300],"essential":[26],"for":[27,44,59,239,272,298],"the":[28,67,80,100,104,134,138,157,164,171,175,182,193,200,204,211,216,222,234,249,258,269,282,295],"sustainable":[29],"use":[30],"resources.":[33],"Synthetic":[34],"aperture":[35],"radar":[36],"(SAR)":[37],"provides":[38],"promising":[40],"source":[41,271],"data":[43,72,169,264,270],"monitoring":[46],"because":[47],"its":[49],"all-weather,":[50],"all-day":[51],"monitoring,":[52],"but":[53],"it":[54],"has":[55],"rarely":[56],"been":[57],"used":[58,115,161],"mapping.":[61,276],"In":[62,277],"this":[63],"study,":[64],"we":[65,279],"explored":[66],"potential":[68,259],"multi-temporal":[70,167,262],"Sentinel-1":[71,263],"to":[73,116,156,265,293],"predict":[74,266],"by":[76,187],"evaluating":[77],"comparing":[79],"performance":[81],"boosted":[83],"regression":[84],"trees":[85],"(BRTs),":[86],"random":[87],"forest":[88],"(RF),":[89],"support":[91],"vector":[92],"machine":[93],"(SVM)":[94],"models":[95,139,149,287],"mapping":[98,301],"middle":[101],"reaches":[102],"Heihe":[105],"River":[106],"Basin":[107],"northwestern":[109],"China.":[110],"Fifteen":[111],"predictor":[112,197],"variables":[113,198,232,238],"were":[114,233],"construct":[117],"models,":[118,253],"including":[119],"land":[120],"use/land":[121],"cover,":[122],"multi-source":[123],"remote":[124],"sensing-derived":[125],"variables,":[126],"topographic":[128],"climatic":[130],"variables.":[131],"We":[132],"evaluated":[133,292],"accuracy":[136],"based":[140],"on":[141],"cross-validation":[143],"procedure.":[144],"Results":[145],"showed":[146],"that":[147,159,281],"tree-based":[148],"(RF":[150],"BRT)":[152],"outperformed":[153],"SVM.":[154],"Compared":[155],"model":[158,202],"only":[160],"optical":[162],"data,":[163],"addition":[165],"Sentinel-1A":[168],"using":[170,199,261],"BRT":[172,201,252,286],"method":[173],"improved":[174],"root":[176],"mean":[177,183],"square":[178],"error":[179,185],"(RMSE)":[180],"absolute":[184],"(MAE)":[186],"17.2%":[188],"17.4%,":[190],"respectively.":[191,254],"Furthermore,":[192],"combination":[194],"all":[196],"had":[203],"best":[205,296],"predictive":[206],"performance,":[207],"explaining":[208],"57%":[209],"variation":[212],"STN,":[214,267],"with":[215,242],"highest":[217],"R2":[218],"(0.57)":[219],"value":[220],"lowest":[223],"RMSE":[224],"(0.24)":[225],"MAE":[227],"(0.18)":[228],"values.":[229],"Remote":[230],"sensing":[231],"most":[235],"environmental":[237],"mapping,":[241],"59%":[243],"50%":[245],"relative":[246],"importance":[247],"RF":[250],"Our":[255],"results":[256,297],"show":[257],"broadening":[268],"future":[273],"digital":[274],"addition,":[278],"propose":[280],"SVM,":[283],"RF,":[284],"should":[288],"be":[289],"calibrated":[290],"obtain":[294],"similar":[303],"landscapes.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
