{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992362859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242916","title":"High-Resolution Imagery Classification Based on Different Levels of Information","display_name":"High-Resolution Imagery Classification Based on Different Levels of Information","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992362859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242916","mag":"2992362859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11242916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2916/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2916/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042696867","display_name":"Erzhu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erzhu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089631478","display_name":"Alim Samat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103115","display_name":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ev928","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103115"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alim Samat","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103115","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611551","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8808-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118574674","display_name":"Jiangsu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051hvcm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078483183","display_name":"Cong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-7343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038321349","display_name":"Xuyu Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuyu Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042696867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118574674"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2691,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83618193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"24","first_page":"2916","last_page":"2916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7627121210098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6621430516242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6462864875793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5642893314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.527832567691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5255932807922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47156354784965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.22052812576293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1579185426235199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7627121210098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6621430516242981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6462864875793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5642893314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.527832567691803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5255932807922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47156354784965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.22052812576293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1579185426235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11242916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2916/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/24/2916/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 24; Pages: 2916","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11242916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/24/2916/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1007721318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2584809537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801327, 41601405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4112071391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5213207277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41601405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7342455266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(PAPD)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2992362859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2992362859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603257402","https://openalex.org/W1843514792","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1937812750","https://openalex.org/W1974981350","https://openalex.org/W1979524861","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W2015386604","https://openalex.org/W2033809692","https://openalex.org/W2083541351","https://openalex.org/W2093072860","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2127199143","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2179290474","https://openalex.org/W2221744192","https://openalex.org/W2235034809","https://openalex.org/W2253590344","https://openalex.org/W2267317359","https://openalex.org/W2268593327","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2307094448","https://openalex.org/W2308318555","https://openalex.org/W2346557146","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2494341560","https://openalex.org/W2514312656","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2519653196","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2595745675","https://openalex.org/W2598551616","https://openalex.org/W2598998899","https://openalex.org/W2605486153","https://openalex.org/W2648242067","https://openalex.org/W2727875856","https://openalex.org/W2743142445","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2767621619","https://openalex.org/W2772452219","https://openalex.org/W2778539913","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2790784078","https://openalex.org/W2803946774","https://openalex.org/W2810004461","https://openalex.org/W2886555678","https://openalex.org/W2891367133","https://openalex.org/W2899101283","https://openalex.org/W2944787920","https://openalex.org/W2963008249","https://openalex.org/W2963588253","https://openalex.org/W2963659230","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964194231","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W3105127913","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W3122291036","https://openalex.org/W3154664134","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4288076010","https://openalex.org/W6687483927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2590798552","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W4399188509","https://openalex.org/W1537861260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detailed":[0],"land":[1,4,15],"use":[2,16],"and":[3,18,111,172,174,184,210,213,254,262],"cover":[5],"(LULC)":[6],"information":[7,13,53],"is":[8,146,195,227],"one":[9],"of":[10,69,91,207],"the":[11,22,40,62,66,156,182,219,223,232,236],"important":[12],"for":[14,155],"surveys":[17],"applications":[19],"related":[20],"to":[21,49,61,87,104,108,116,128,133,149,180,197,229],"earth":[23],"sciences.":[24],"Therefore,":[25],"LULC":[26,52,71,93,158],"classification":[27,159,234,265],"using":[28,73,161,235],"very-high":[29,55,162,259],"resolution":[30,56,163],"remotely":[31,57,164,247],"sensed":[32,58,165,248],"imagery":[33],"has":[34,124],"been":[35,113],"a":[36,47,141,188,251],"hot":[37],"issue":[38],"in":[39,64],"remote":[41],"sensing":[42],"community.":[43],"However,":[44,121],"it":[45],"remains":[46],"challenge":[48],"successfully":[50,114],"extract":[51,105,150,198],"from":[54],"imagery,":[59],"due":[60],"difficulties":[63],"describing":[65],"individual":[67],"characteristics":[68],"various":[70],"categories":[72],"single":[74],"level":[75],"features.":[76,238],"The":[77,201,239],"traditional":[78],"pixel-wise":[79],"or":[80,119],"spectral-spatial":[81],"based":[82],"methods":[83],"pay":[84],"more":[85,151],"attention":[86,127],"low-level":[88],"feature":[89,131,143,153],"representations":[90,132,154],"target":[92],"categories.":[94],"In":[95,138],"addition,":[96],"deep":[97],"convolutional":[98,191],"neural":[99,192],"networks":[100,193],"offer":[101],"great":[102],"potential":[103],"high-level":[106],"features":[107],"describe":[109,181],"objects":[110],"have":[112],"applied":[115],"scene":[117,220],"understanding":[118],"classification.":[120],"existing":[122],"studies":[123],"paid":[125],"little":[126],"constructing":[129],"multi-level":[130,142,237],"better":[134],"understand":[135],"each":[136],"category.":[137],"this":[139,168],"paper,":[140],"representation":[144],"framework":[145],"first":[147],"designed":[148],"robust":[152],"complex":[157],"task":[160],"imagery.":[166],"To":[167],"end,":[169],"spectral":[170],"reflection":[171],"morphological":[173,175],"attribute":[176],"profiles":[177],"are":[178],"used":[179],"pixel-level":[183],"neighborhood-level":[185],"information.":[186,200],"Furthermore,":[187],"novel":[189],"object-based":[190,202,208],"(CNN)":[194],"proposed":[196,240],"scene-level":[199],"CNN":[203,211],"method":[204,209,212,226,241],"combines":[205],"advantages":[206],"can":[214],"perform":[215],"multi-scale":[216],"analysis":[217],"at":[218],"level.":[221],"Then,":[222],"random":[224],"forest":[225],"employed":[228],"carry":[230],"out":[231],"final":[233],"was":[242],"validated":[243],"on":[244],"three":[245],"challenging":[246],"imageries":[249],"including":[250],"hyperspectral":[252],"image":[253],"two":[255],"multispectral":[256],"images":[257],"with":[258],"spatial":[260],"resolution,":[261],"achieved":[263],"excellent":[264],"performances.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}