{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989710027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232817","title":"Surface Deformation from Sentinel-1A InSAR: Relation to Seasonal Groundwater Extraction and Rainfall in Central Taiwan","display_name":"Surface Deformation from Sentinel-1A InSAR: Relation to Seasonal Groundwater Extraction and Rainfall in Central Taiwan","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989710027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232817","mag":"2989710027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2817/pdf?version=1574920651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2817/pdf?version=1574920651","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076748664","display_name":"Yi-Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016235819","display_name":"Cheinway Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheinway Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040875295","display_name":"Wei\u2010Chia Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chia Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030027933","display_name":"Thomas Fuhrmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331816111","display_name":"Geoscience Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/04ge02x20","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331816111","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Fuhrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Positioning and Community Safety Division, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Positioning and Community Safety Division, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331816111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626875","display_name":"Yi\u2010An Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-An Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088787297","display_name":"Shiang-Hung Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6546-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiang-Hung Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016235819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":27.5697,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99149028,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"2817","last_page":"2817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8764101266860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidence","display_name":"Subsidence","score":0.5775482058525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-displacement","display_name":"Vertical displacement","score":0.4817916750907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4811490774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4099680185317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3068683445453644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.2888646125793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.23199155926704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.15434959530830383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.8764101266860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180851071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849953","display_name":"Subsidence","level":3,"score":0.5775482058525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780759522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922828","display_name":"Vertical displacement","level":2,"score":0.4817916750907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4811490774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4099680185317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3068683445453644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.2888646125793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.23199155926704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15434959530830383}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2817/pdf?version=1574920651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/23/2817/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2817/pdf?version=1574920651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1892758769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107-2611-M-009-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2562877955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106-2221-E-009-133-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5563719332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106-2221-E-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6453358998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106-2221-E-009-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6905277076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160539585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989710027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989710027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87030543","https://openalex.org/W1834419412","https://openalex.org/W1970302608","https://openalex.org/W1970423951","https://openalex.org/W1974818738","https://openalex.org/W1977034753","https://openalex.org/W1983080803","https://openalex.org/W2001979162","https://openalex.org/W2030839785","https://openalex.org/W2041016745","https://openalex.org/W2083865198","https://openalex.org/W2104879441","https://openalex.org/W2152189873","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2163622378","https://openalex.org/W2185126518","https://openalex.org/W2185675651","https://openalex.org/W2288805330","https://openalex.org/W2313250417","https://openalex.org/W2522629274","https://openalex.org/W2523202336","https://openalex.org/W2523839989","https://openalex.org/W2738561322","https://openalex.org/W2781342731","https://openalex.org/W2911302579","https://openalex.org/W4249744610","https://openalex.org/W4253499482","https://openalex.org/W6834574104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127359929","https://openalex.org/W2012853987","https://openalex.org/W2374921833","https://openalex.org/W2130313420","https://openalex.org/W2367032543","https://openalex.org/W2365547495","https://openalex.org/W2351886052","https://openalex.org/W4294237504","https://openalex.org/W2139849638","https://openalex.org/W3104011683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extracting":[0],"groundwater":[1,250],"for":[2,176,215],"agricultural,":[3],"aquacultural,":[4],"and":[5,66,89,132,143,199,235,241],"industrial":[6,141],"use":[7],"in":[8,182,206],"central":[9],"Taiwan":[10,25],"has":[11],"caused":[12,248],"large-scale":[13],"land":[14,177,246],"subsidence":[15,35,83,95,137,148,192,204,219,247],"that":[16,92,168,209],"poses":[17],"a":[18,218],"threat":[19],"to":[20,53,77,111,159,194,237],"the":[21,24,37,44,58,68,72,93,99,107,124,128,163,169,173,190],"operation":[22],"of":[23,98,127],"High":[26],"Speed":[27],"Railway":[28],"near":[29],"Yunlin":[30,34],"County.":[31],"We":[32,56],"detected":[33,201],"using":[36,63],"Sentinel-1A":[38],"Synthetic":[39],"Aperture":[40],"Radar":[41],"(SAR)":[42],"by":[43,249],"Small":[45],"BAseline":[46],"Subset":[47],"(SBAS)":[48],"method":[49],"from":[50,75,87,109,155,157],"April":[51,54],"2016":[52],"2017.":[55],"calibrated":[57],"initial":[59],"InSAR-derived":[60,103],"displacement":[61],"rates":[62],"GPS":[64,90],"measurements":[65],"reduced":[67],"velocity":[69,130],"difference":[70],"between":[71],"two":[73,134],"sensors":[74],"15.0":[76],"8.5":[78],"mm/a.":[79,115],"In":[80,116],"Yunlin\u2019s":[81],"severe":[82,180],"regions,":[84],"cumulative":[85],"displacements":[86],"InSAR":[88,122,198,210],"showed":[91],"dry-season":[94,165,170],"contributed":[96],"60%\u201374%":[97],"annual":[100],"subsidence.":[101,178],"The":[102,223],"vertical":[104,129],"velocities":[105,108],"matched":[106],"leveling":[110,120,156,200],"better":[112],"than":[113],"10":[114],"regions":[117],"with":[118,162],"few":[119],"measurements,":[121],"increased":[123,161,189],"spatial":[125],"resolution":[126],"field":[131],"identified":[133],"previously":[135],"unknown":[136],"spots":[138],"over":[139],"an":[140,212],"zone":[142],"steel":[144],"factory.":[145],"Annual":[146],"significant":[147,191,203],"areas":[149,205],"(subsidence":[150],"rate":[151],">":[152],"30":[153],"mm/a)":[154],"2011":[158],"2017":[160],"declining":[164],"rainfalls,":[166],"suggesting":[167],"rainfall":[171],"was":[172,211],"deciding":[174],"factor":[175],"A":[179],"drought":[181],"2015":[183],"(an":[184],"El":[185],"Ni\u00f1o":[186],"year)":[187],"dramatically":[188],"area":[193],"659":[195],"km2.":[196],"Both":[197],"similarly":[202],"2017,":[207],"showing":[208],"effective":[213],"technique":[214],"assessing":[216],"whether":[217],"mitigation":[220],"measure":[221],"worked.":[222],"newly":[224],"opened":[225],"Hushan":[226],"Reservoir":[227],"can":[228,242],"supply":[229],"surface":[230],"water":[231],"during":[232],"dry":[233],"seasons":[234],"droughts":[236],"counter":[238],"rain":[239],"shortage":[240],"thereby":[243],"potentially":[244],"reduce":[245],"extraction.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}