{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990082063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232754","title":"High-Rate Monitoring of Satellite Clocks Using Two Methods of Averaging Time","display_name":"High-Rate Monitoring of Satellite Clocks Using Two Methods of Averaging Time","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990082063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232754","mag":"2990082063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2754/pdf?version=1575369792","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2754/pdf?version=1575369792","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046799671","display_name":"Kamil Maciuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-8510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamil Maciuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003714426","display_name":"Paulina Lewi\u0144ska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["GB","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulina Lewi\u0144ska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK","Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046799671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":19.5006,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98734585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"2754","last_page":"2754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8516359329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.660773754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6066124439239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5871411561965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5719064474105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.5611361265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.5560897588729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allan-variance","display_name":"Allan variance","score":0.5545462965965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4892101287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit-determination","display_name":"Orbit determination","score":0.472557008266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4554970860481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.44671815633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clock","display_name":"Atomic clock","score":0.4172515273094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3500162363052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2513875365257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24026384949684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17821750044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17438456416130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.13917052745819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08619222044944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.08328548073768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07511341571807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0697057843208313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8516359329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.660773754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6066124439239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5871411561965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5719064474105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.5611361265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5560897588729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5722023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440227","display_name":"Allan variance","level":3,"score":0.5545462965965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4892101287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107768556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302660","display_name":"Orbit determination","level":3,"score":0.472557008266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4554970860481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.44671815633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.4172515273094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3500162363052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2513875365257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24026384949684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17821750044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17438456416130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.13917052745819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08619222044944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.08328548073768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07511341571807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0697057843208313}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2754/pdf?version=1575369792","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2754/pdf?version=1575369792","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990082063.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43736893","https://openalex.org/W71272513","https://openalex.org/W898507855","https://openalex.org/W1545923740","https://openalex.org/W1916569962","https://openalex.org/W1965122354","https://openalex.org/W1980523814","https://openalex.org/W1995221075","https://openalex.org/W2032032087","https://openalex.org/W2035456706","https://openalex.org/W2044628197","https://openalex.org/W2051759451","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2062562770","https://openalex.org/W2080208785","https://openalex.org/W2080463587","https://openalex.org/W2089089146","https://openalex.org/W2090918782","https://openalex.org/W2100846830","https://openalex.org/W2128818339","https://openalex.org/W2130956925","https://openalex.org/W2154643066","https://openalex.org/W2165709856","https://openalex.org/W2171709549","https://openalex.org/W2313112018","https://openalex.org/W2344390745","https://openalex.org/W2406043271","https://openalex.org/W2410928635","https://openalex.org/W2569589390","https://openalex.org/W2599991731","https://openalex.org/W2604637663","https://openalex.org/W2618365799","https://openalex.org/W2618376619","https://openalex.org/W2621825018","https://openalex.org/W2625954095","https://openalex.org/W2760606703","https://openalex.org/W2765345359","https://openalex.org/W2768550880","https://openalex.org/W2770451886","https://openalex.org/W2770915039","https://openalex.org/W2779258645","https://openalex.org/W2780557033","https://openalex.org/W2781013889","https://openalex.org/W2783493978","https://openalex.org/W2793295981","https://openalex.org/W2793610405","https://openalex.org/W2887441933","https://openalex.org/W2902987193","https://openalex.org/W2910595058","https://openalex.org/W2911278322","https://openalex.org/W2937575727","https://openalex.org/W2963343403","https://openalex.org/W2978519185","https://openalex.org/W3158798903","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4384933431","https://openalex.org/W6602874357","https://openalex.org/W6698736606","https://openalex.org/W6714098844","https://openalex.org/W6746622015","https://openalex.org/W6753981431","https://openalex.org/W6758385004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371469048","https://openalex.org/W2387786763","https://openalex.org/W2373346621","https://openalex.org/W2942464755","https://openalex.org/W2789970183","https://openalex.org/W2760081656","https://openalex.org/W2942438455","https://openalex.org/W2599194043","https://openalex.org/W1524396731","https://openalex.org/W2990082063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"of":[1,34,54,106],"the":[2,29,32,35,44,82,104,107,115,121,125,143],"global":[3],"navigation":[4],"satellite":[5,8,110],"system":[6],"(GNSS)":[7],"clock":[9],"error":[10],"is":[11],"crucial":[12],"in":[13,120,138,148],"real-time":[14],"precise":[15],"point":[16],"positioning":[17],"(PPP),":[18],"seismology,":[19],"and":[20,40,69],"many":[21],"other":[22,116],"high-rate":[23,77],"GNSS":[24,37,59],"applications.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"work,":[28],"authors":[30],"show":[31,103,142],"characterisation":[33],"atomic":[36],"clock\u2019s":[38,144],"stability":[39],"its":[41],"dependency":[42],"on":[43,124],"adopted":[45],"orbit":[46,62,126],"type":[47,127],"using":[48,76],"Allan":[49,139],"deviation":[50,140],"with":[51,86,112],"two":[52],"methods":[53,136],"averaging":[55,134,151],"time.":[56],"Four":[57],"International":[58],"Service":[60],"(IGS)":[61],"types":[63],"were":[64,74],"used:":[65],"broadcast,":[66],"ultra-rapid,":[67],"rapid":[68],"final":[70],"orbit.":[71],"The":[72,90,101],"calculations":[73],"made":[75],"1":[78],"Hz":[79],"observations":[80],"from":[81],"IGS":[83],"stations":[84],"equipped":[85],"external":[87],"clocks":[88],"(oscillators).":[89],"most":[91],"stable":[92],"receiver":[93],"oscillator":[94],"was":[95],"chosen":[96],"as":[97],"a":[98],"reference":[99],"clock.":[100],"results":[102,122],"advantage":[105],"newest":[108],"GPS":[109],"block":[111],"respect":[113],"to":[114],"satellites.":[117],"Significant":[118],"differences":[119],"based":[123],"used":[128,137],"have":[129],"not":[130],"been":[131],"recorded.":[132],"Many":[133],"time":[135],"(ADEV)":[141],"fluctuations,":[145],"usually":[146],"smoothed":[147],"2n":[149],"s":[150],"times.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}