{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991069154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232753","title":"Application of UAV-Based Multi-angle Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Fine Vegetation Classification","display_name":"Application of UAV-Based Multi-angle Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Fine Vegetation Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991069154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232753","mag":"2991069154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2753/pdf?version=1575432059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2753/pdf?version=1575432059","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101712793","display_name":"Yanan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-4312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092032","display_name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00m4czf33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037042702","display_name":"Lei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-7381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048833020","display_name":"Xianlin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"XianLin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China","College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100664611","display_name":"Lin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-6666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037042702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.6882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95061096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"2753","last_page":"2753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.9844400882720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7843401432037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7511354684829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.4868911802768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4279814660549164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.421772301197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.411529541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3367837965488434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28553807735443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1359311044216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08915704488754272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.9844400882720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7843401432037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7511354684829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.4868911802768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4279814660549164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.421772301197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.411529541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3367837965488434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28553807735443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1359311044216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08915704488754272}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2753/pdf?version=1575432059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/23/2753/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 23; Pages: 2753","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2753/pdf?version=1575432059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991069154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991069154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576019831","https://openalex.org/W1964117447","https://openalex.org/W1965682604","https://openalex.org/W1977066218","https://openalex.org/W1986533658","https://openalex.org/W2036590761","https://openalex.org/W2063385051","https://openalex.org/W2071902553","https://openalex.org/W2072587793","https://openalex.org/W2074464158","https://openalex.org/W2075657391","https://openalex.org/W2076576187","https://openalex.org/W2097518542","https://openalex.org/W2132087266","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2154261987","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2319859377","https://openalex.org/W2328908430","https://openalex.org/W2409620547","https://openalex.org/W2551066006","https://openalex.org/W2551562355","https://openalex.org/W2595694773","https://openalex.org/W2773589087","https://openalex.org/W2793608259","https://openalex.org/W2793794440","https://openalex.org/W2794055043","https://openalex.org/W2795894234","https://openalex.org/W2809758875","https://openalex.org/W2810500771","https://openalex.org/W2811294541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W1981607559","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2328908430","https://openalex.org/W2115195669","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W2081538989","https://openalex.org/W2034882520","https://openalex.org/W2890917258","https://openalex.org/W2000112597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"obtain":[1],"a":[2,13,22,26,47,85,147],"high-accuracy":[3],"vegetation":[4,41,274,343,358],"classification":[5,42,60,70,106,194,275,299],"of":[6,34,84,91,109,149,246,337],"high-resolution":[7],"UAV":[8,24],"images,":[9],"in":[10,39,98,241,254,297,342],"this":[11,221],"paper,":[12],"multi-angle":[14,36,55,338],"hyperspectral":[15,30],"remote":[16,37,56,339],"sensing":[17,38,57,340],"system":[18],"was":[19,43,120,137,140,284,288],"built":[20],"using":[21,135,144],"six-rotor":[23],"and":[25,58,133,153,165,170,186,204,219,268,323,346,351,356,359],"Cubert":[27],"S185":[28],"frame":[29],"sensor.":[31],"The":[32,100,173,238,258],"application":[33,336,352],"UAV-based":[35],"fine":[40],"studied":[44],"by":[45,197],"combining":[46,198],"bidirectional":[48],"reflectance":[49,113,174],"distribution":[50],"function":[51],"(BRDF)":[52],"model":[53,160],"for":[54,273,354],"object-oriented":[59],"methods.":[61],"This":[62],"method":[63],"can":[64],"not":[65],"only":[66],"effectively":[67],"reduce":[68],"the":[69,82,89,92,104,110,150,163,193,199,206,225,242,247,255,263,292,298,301,324,331,335],"phenomena":[71],"that":[72,103,125,143],"influence":[73],"different":[74,228],"objects":[75],"with":[76,262],"similar":[77],"spectra,":[78],"but":[79],"also":[80],"benefit":[81],"construction":[83],"canopy-level":[86],"BRDF.":[87],"Then,":[88],"importance":[90],"BRDF":[93,116],"characteristic":[94],"parameters":[95],"are":[96],"discussed":[97],"detail.":[99],"results":[101,195,333],"show":[102],"overall":[105],"accuracy":[107],"(OA)":[108],"vertical":[111],"observation":[112,200,239,259],"based":[114,126],"on":[115,127,205],"extrapolation":[117],"(BRDF_0\u00b0)":[118],"(63.9%)":[119],"approximately":[121],"24%":[122],"higher":[123,141],"than":[124,142,188,235,252],"digital":[128],"orthophoto":[129],"maps":[130],"(DOM)":[131],"(39.8%),":[132],"kappa":[134,166,216,287],"BRDF_0\u00b0":[136],"0.573,":[138],"which":[139],"DOM":[145],"(0.301);":[146],"combination":[148,222],"hot":[151,177],"spot":[152,155],"dark":[154,191],"features,":[156,161],"as":[157,159],"well":[158],"improved":[162],"OA":[164],"to":[167,182],"around":[168,285,289],"77%":[169],"0.720,":[171],"respectively.":[172],"features":[175,189,210,232],"near":[176,190],"spots":[178],"were":[179,211,270],"more":[180],"conducive":[181],"distinguishing":[183],"maize,":[184],"soybean,":[185],"weeds":[187],"spots;":[192],"obtained":[196],"principal":[201,248],"plane":[202,208,249],"(BRDF_PP)":[203],"cross-principal":[207],"(BRDF_CP)":[209],"best":[212],"(OA":[213,283],"=":[214,217],"89.2%,":[215],"0.870),":[218],"especially,":[220],"could":[223],"improve":[224],"distinction":[226],"among":[227],"leaf-shaped":[229],"trees.":[230],"BRDF_PP":[231],"performed":[233,250],"better":[234,251],"BRDF_CP":[236],"features.":[237],"angles":[240,260,265],"backward":[243],"reflection":[244],"direction":[245],"those":[253],"forward":[256],"direction.":[257],"associated":[261],"zenith":[264,278],"between":[266],"\u221210\u00b0":[267],"\u221220\u00b0":[269],"most":[271,293],"favorable":[272],"(solar":[276],"position:":[277],"angle":[279],"28.86\u00b0,":[280],"azimuth":[281],"169.07\u00b0)":[282],"75%\u201380%,":[286],"0.700\u20130.790);":[290],"additionally,":[291],"frequently":[294],"selected":[295],"bands":[296],"included":[300],"blue":[302],"band":[303,308,313,319,326],"(466":[304],"nm\u2013492":[305],"nm),":[306,311,316,322],"green":[307],"(494":[309],"nm\u2013570":[310],"red":[312,317],"(642":[314],"nm\u2013690":[315],"edge":[318],"(694":[320],"nm\u2013774":[321],"near-infrared":[325],"(810":[327],"nm\u2013882":[328],"nm).":[329],"Overall,":[330],"research":[332],"promote":[334],"technology":[341],"information":[344],"extraction":[345],"provide":[347],"important":[348],"theoretical":[349],"significance":[350],"value":[353],"regional":[355],"global":[357],"ecological":[360],"monitoring.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
