{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991480107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232747","title":"Evaluation of Spaceborne GNSS-R Retrieved Ocean Surface Wind Speed with Multiple Datasets","display_name":"Evaluation of Spaceborne GNSS-R Retrieved Ocean Surface Wind Speed with Multiple Datasets","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991480107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232747","mag":"2991480107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232747","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2747/pdf?version=1574417074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2747/pdf?version=1574417074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074931339","display_name":"Zhounan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-2912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhounan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052926185","display_name":"Shuanggen Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuanggen Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052926185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4873,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80055256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"23","first_page":"2747","last_page":"2747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7881373167037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.720090389251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6553536653518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoy","display_name":"Buoy","score":0.6527629494667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5527674555778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5004398822784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4466356635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","score":0.44650909304618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-height","display_name":"Sea-surface height","score":0.4253345727920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4180218577384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.36474794149398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3282930254936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3154093027114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24637144804000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.20844802260398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13399523496627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.06007912755012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05754721164703369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7881373167037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.720090389251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6553536653518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.6527629494667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5527674555778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5004398822784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4466356635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.44650909304618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142672198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076157","display_name":"Sea-surface height","level":3,"score":0.4253345727920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4180218577384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.36474794149398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3282930254936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3154093027114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24637144804000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.20844802260398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13399523496627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.06007912755012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05754721164703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232747","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2747/pdf?version=1574417074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7585e272b3fa4b6f82da930f14098708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7585e272b3fa4b6f82da930f14098708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 23, p 2747 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/23/2747/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11232747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232747","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/23/2747/pdf?version=1574417074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1108148033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R2018T20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","funder_display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1829956084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0502802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2748946766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2243141801036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324849","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G466649759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5775577904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2243141801036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","funder_display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6579775686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA23040100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8340078520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8676609639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Jiangsu","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8823009050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308377","display_name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324849","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335357","display_name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9hkj35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335990","display_name":"Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991480107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991480107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174502298","https://openalex.org/W1577414714","https://openalex.org/W1641514922","https://openalex.org/W1660767182","https://openalex.org/W1840723247","https://openalex.org/W2022050692","https://openalex.org/W2023488014","https://openalex.org/W2032548820","https://openalex.org/W2036393665","https://openalex.org/W2093761294","https://openalex.org/W2107580583","https://openalex.org/W2109243115","https://openalex.org/W2110314853","https://openalex.org/W2126050124","https://openalex.org/W2145132016","https://openalex.org/W2321482666","https://openalex.org/W2329472099","https://openalex.org/W2415572959","https://openalex.org/W2418656536","https://openalex.org/W2534802175","https://openalex.org/W2604162783","https://openalex.org/W2606882776","https://openalex.org/W2766930518","https://openalex.org/W2772354310","https://openalex.org/W2787598403","https://openalex.org/W2801770031","https://openalex.org/W2803212219","https://openalex.org/W2885395251","https://openalex.org/W2885815350","https://openalex.org/W2968955748","https://openalex.org/W2969978341","https://openalex.org/W6888680925","https://openalex.org/W7071869634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170114531","https://openalex.org/W2112715711","https://openalex.org/W848287123","https://openalex.org/W2378995615","https://openalex.org/W2062801405","https://openalex.org/W2532789713","https://openalex.org/W1660767182","https://openalex.org/W2352307388","https://openalex.org/W125369939","https://openalex.org/W2991480107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spaceborne":[0],"Global":[1,19],"Navigation":[2,20],"Satellite":[3,21],"Systems-Reflectometry":[4],"(GNSS-R)":[5],"can":[6],"estimate":[7],"the":[8,65,92,100,103,112,115,121,126,131,143,158,162,165],"geophysical":[9],"parameters":[10],"by":[11,29,157],"receiving":[12],"Earth\u2019s":[13],"surface":[14,43,55,67,80],"reflected":[15],"signals.":[16],"The":[17,87,148,180],"CYclone":[18],"System":[22],"(CYGNSS)":[23],"mission":[24],"with":[25,64,136],"eight":[26],"microsatellites":[27],"launched":[28],"NASA":[30],"in":[31,111],"December":[32],"2016,":[33],"which":[34,200],"provides":[35],"an":[36,137],"unprecedented":[37],"opportunity":[38],"to":[39],"rapidly":[40],"acquire":[41],"ocean":[42,79],"wind":[44,56,69,81,93,106,134,171,184],"speed":[45,57,70,94,135,172],"globally.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"a":[50],"refined":[51],"spaceborne":[52],"GNSS-R":[53,104],"sea":[54],"retrieval":[58],"algorithm":[59],"is":[60],"presented":[61],"and":[62,76,161,167,176,193,198,207],"validated":[63],"ground":[66,122],"reference":[68],"from":[71,164],"numerical":[72],"weather":[73],"prediction":[74,170],"(NWP)":[75],"cross-calibrated":[77],"multi-platform":[78],"vector":[82],"analysis":[83],"product":[84],"(CCMP),":[85],"respectively.":[86,179],"results":[88,153],"show":[89],"that":[90],"when":[91,142],"was":[95,128,195],"less":[96],"than":[97,130],"20":[98],"m/s,":[99,178],"RMS":[101,138],"of":[102,139,151,182,210],"retrieved":[105,133],"could":[107],"achieve":[108],"1.84":[109],"m/s":[110,141,175],"case":[113],"where":[114],"NWP":[116],"winds":[117,145],"were":[118,146,154,173],"used":[119],"as":[120],"truth":[123],"winds,":[124,160],"while":[125],"result":[127],"better":[129],"NWP-based":[132],"1.68":[140],"CCMP":[144],"used.":[147],"two":[149],"sets":[150],"inversion":[152],"further":[155],"evaluated":[156],"buoy":[159],"uncertainties":[163],"NWP-derived":[166],"CCMP-derived":[168],"model":[169],"1.91":[174],"1.87":[177],"accuracy":[181],"inversed":[183],"speeds":[185],"for":[186,203],"different":[187,204,208],"GNSS":[188],"pseudo-random":[189],"noise":[190],"(PRN)":[191],"satellites":[192,206],"types":[194,209],"also":[196],"analyzed":[197],"presented,":[199],"showed":[201],"similar":[202],"PRN":[205],"satellites.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
