{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988455866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222648","title":"Lifting Scheme-Based Deep Neural Network for Remote Sensing Scene Classification","display_name":"Lifting Scheme-Based Deep Neural Network for Remote Sensing Scene Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988455866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222648","mag":"2988455866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222648","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2648/pdf?version=1573632035","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2648/pdf?version=1573632035","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749866","display_name":"Chu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-5769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-5769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025320643","display_name":"Zishan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5269-5914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zishan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077554536","display_name":"Tao Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038423570","display_name":"Dingwen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631497","display_name":"Mingsheng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9556-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingsheng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100749866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4155,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84863856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"22","first_page":"2648","last_page":"2648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7819008827209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7261061668395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifting-scheme","display_name":"Lifting scheme","score":0.7181722521781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.655553936958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6189174056053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5938464403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5556808114051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5127090215682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4797567129135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4641870856285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4367787539958954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.43147727847099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.37144386768341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.3670980930328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.3219567537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.12255436182022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10599657893180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09099119901657104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7819008827209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7261061668395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199550912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3238415","display_name":"Lifting scheme","level":5,"score":0.7181722521781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.655553936958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6189174056053162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5938464403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5556808114051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5127090215682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4797567129135132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4641870856285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4367787539958954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.43147727847099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37144386768341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.3670980930328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.3219567537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.12255436182022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10599657893180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09099119901657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222648","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2648/pdf?version=1573632035","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222648","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2648/pdf?version=1573632035","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4324613428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0803000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6187398417","display_name":"\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u6781\u5316SAR\u56fe\u50cf\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u57ce\u533a\u5730\u7269\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41371342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8376165696","display_name":"\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387SAR\u56fe\u50cf\u57ce\u5e02\u76ee\u6807\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u8bd1\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u76d1\u6d4b\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61331016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988455866.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988455866.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1523947920","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1873368203","https://openalex.org/W1974581749","https://openalex.org/W1975358183","https://openalex.org/W2020919250","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2099563019","https://openalex.org/W2105536892","https://openalex.org/W2106590163","https://openalex.org/W2117188745","https://openalex.org/W2131196771","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2149460615","https://openalex.org/W2151567244","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2620429297","https://openalex.org/W2727875856","https://openalex.org/W2762439315","https://openalex.org/W2903623761","https://openalex.org/W2920232463","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W4251101141","https://openalex.org/W4256117910","https://openalex.org/W6629815555","https://openalex.org/W6631558189","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6739879593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386025613","https://openalex.org/W2369288845","https://openalex.org/W1588899229","https://openalex.org/W2358999485","https://openalex.org/W2152792848","https://openalex.org/W2377685598","https://openalex.org/W2390952408","https://openalex.org/W2386482837","https://openalex.org/W2078336197","https://openalex.org/W2371385084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"convolutional":[1,68,170],"neural":[2,187],"networks":[3],"(CNNs)":[4],"achieve":[5,255],"impressive":[6],"results":[7,234],"on":[8,78,196,213,235],"remote":[9,46,244],"sensing":[10,47,245],"scene":[11,19,37,246],"classification,":[12],"which":[13,238],"is":[14,40,100,190,211,239],"a":[15,121],"fundamental":[16],"problem":[17],"for":[18,36,44,125],"semantic":[20],"understanding.":[21],"However,":[22],"convolution,":[23],"the":[24,31,67,74,79,89,97,108,114,133,141,154,158,201,204,214,218,227,236,242,263],"most":[25],"essential":[26],"operation":[27],"in":[28,51,65,127,172,226],"CNNs,":[29],"restricts":[30],"development":[32],"of":[33,73,95,110,203,241],"CNN-based":[34],"methods":[35],"classification.":[38],"Convolution":[39],"not":[41],"efficient":[42],"enough":[43],"high-resolution":[45],"images":[48],"and":[49,106,139,146,157,199,217,224,229,252,257],"limited":[50],"extracting":[52],"discriminative":[53],"features":[54],"due":[55],"to":[56,82,192,207],"its":[57],"linearity.":[58],"Thus,":[59],"there":[60],"has":[61],"been":[62],"growing":[63],"interest":[64],"improving":[66],"layer.":[69],"The":[70],"hardware":[71],"implementation":[72,124],"JPEG2000":[75],"standard":[76],"relies":[77],"lifting":[80,98,115,134,155,181,184,205],"scheme":[81,99,116,135,206],"perform":[83],"wavelet":[84,148],"transform":[85],"(WT).":[86],"Compared":[87],"with":[88,262],"convolution-based":[90],"two-channel":[91],"filter":[92],"bank":[93],"method":[94],"WT,":[96],"faster,":[101],"taking":[102],"up":[103],"less":[104],"storage":[105],"having":[107],"ability":[109],"nonlinear":[111],"transformation.":[112],"Therefore,":[113],"can":[117,150,175],"be":[118,151,161,176],"regarded":[119],"as":[120],"better":[122],"alternative":[123],"convolution":[126],"vanilla":[128,173,264],"CNNs.":[129],"This":[130,165],"paper":[131,166],"introduces":[132],"into":[136],"deep":[137,186],"learning":[138],"addresses":[140],"problems":[142],"that":[143,168,249],"only":[144],"fixed":[145],"finite":[147],"bases":[149],"replaced":[152],"by":[153,178,222],"scheme,":[156],"parameters":[159],"cannot":[160],"updated":[162],"through":[163],"backpropagation.":[164],"proves":[167],"any":[169],"layer":[171],"CNNs":[174,265],"substituted":[177],"an":[179],"equivalent":[180],"scheme.":[182],"A":[183],"scheme-based":[185],"network":[188,194],"(LSNet)":[189],"presented":[191],"promote":[193],"applications":[195],"computational-limited":[197],"platforms":[198],"utilize":[200],"nonlinearity":[202],"enhance":[208],"performance.":[209],"LSNet":[210,251,254],"validated":[212],"CIFAR-100":[215],"dataset":[216,247],"overall":[219],"accuracies":[220],"increase":[221],"2.48%":[223],"1.38%":[225],"1D":[228,250],"2D":[230,253],"experiments":[231],"respectively.":[232,266],"Experimental":[233],"AID":[237],"one":[240],"newest":[243],"demonstrate":[248],"2.05%":[256],"0.45%":[258],"accuracy":[259],"improvement":[260],"compared":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
