{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988956885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222617","title":"A Method of Fast and Simultaneous Calibration of Many Mobile FMCW Radars Operating in a Network Anti-Drone System","display_name":"A Method of Fast and Simultaneous Calibration of Many Mobile FMCW Radars Operating in a Network Anti-Drone System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988956885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222617","mag":"2988956885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2617/pdf?version=1574167609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2617/pdf?version=1574167609","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021254900","display_name":"Aleksander Nowak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6134-5075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleksander Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Geodesy, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Geodesy, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029972271","display_name":"Krzysztof Naus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-4428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799831209","display_name":"Polish Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0266t3a64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799831209"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Naus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Navigation and Naval Weapons, Polish Naval Academy, Smidowicza 69, 81-103 Gdynia, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Navigation and Naval Weapons, Polish Naval Academy, Smidowicza 69, 81-103 Gdynia, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799831209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050004555","display_name":"D. Maksimiuk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariusz Maksimiuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics &amp; Computer Science, Department of Circuits and Systems, TU Delft, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics &amp; Computer Science, Department of Circuits and Systems, TU Delft, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021254900"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":12.3972,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98057838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"22","first_page":"2617","last_page":"2617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13257","display_name":"Advanced Control and Stabilization in Aerospace Systems","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.8448493480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6251074075698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6150034070014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5618314146995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.502178430557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.45917442440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4410174489021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.41847431659698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3990669846534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3945772647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30782946944236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21611136198043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.20993450284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09095591306686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07603195309638977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.8448493480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6251074075698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6150034070014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5618314146995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.502178430557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.45917442440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4410174489021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.41847431659698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3990669846534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3945772647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30782946944236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21611136198043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.20993450284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09095591306686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07603195309638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2617/pdf?version=1574167609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0cd6fb95cc1144969504fe5fd804f1f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0cd6fb95cc1144969504fe5fd804f1f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 22, p 2617 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/22/2617/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 22; Pages: 2617","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:adfb32a8-7496-4612-8d7e-e468f451a5a7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:adfb32a8-7496-4612-8d7e-e468f451a5a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11222617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222617","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2617/pdf?version=1574167609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337624","display_name":"U.S. Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988956885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988956885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605269153","https://openalex.org/W2014534232","https://openalex.org/W2137154485","https://openalex.org/W2288619130","https://openalex.org/W2289251281","https://openalex.org/W2495884524","https://openalex.org/W2538045403","https://openalex.org/W2539298817","https://openalex.org/W2541808004","https://openalex.org/W2584635235","https://openalex.org/W2592352086","https://openalex.org/W2610931670","https://openalex.org/W2625812453","https://openalex.org/W2744419445","https://openalex.org/W2923644106","https://openalex.org/W3209311320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W3206445629","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W2768461781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"market":[1],"for":[2,12,26,74],"small":[3],"drones":[4,38],"is":[5,22],"developing":[6],"very":[7],"fast.":[8],"They":[9],"are":[10,39,55,100],"used":[11,102,196],"leisure":[13],"activities":[14],"and":[15,43],"exploited":[16],"in":[17,124,158,197],"commercial":[18],"applications.":[19,199],"However,":[20],"there":[21],"a":[23,117,159],"growing":[24],"concern":[25],"accidental":[27],"or":[28],"even":[29],"criminal":[30],"misuses":[31],"of":[32,107,148,152,180,187],"these":[33],"platforms.":[34],"Dangerous":[35],"incidents":[36],"with":[37],"appearing":[40],"more":[41],"often,":[42],"have":[44],"caused":[45],"many":[46,56,108,153],"institutions":[47],"to":[48,63,86,113,116,139],"start":[49],"thinking":[50],"about":[51],"anti-drone":[52],"solutions.":[53],"There":[54],"cases":[57],"when":[58],"building":[59],"stationary":[60],"systems":[61,84],"seems":[62],"be":[64,114,122,194],"aimless":[65],"since":[66],"the":[67,125,129,145,172,177,181,184,188],"high":[68],"cost":[69],"does":[70],"not":[71],"correspond":[72],"with,":[73],"example,":[75],"threat":[76],"frequency.":[77],"In":[78,90],"such":[79],"cases,":[80],"mobile":[81,92,154],"drone":[82],"countermeasure":[83],"seem":[85],"perfectly":[87],"meet":[88],"demands.":[89],"modern":[91],"solutions,":[93],"frequency":[94],"modulated":[95],"continuous":[96],"wave":[97],"(FMCW)":[98],"radars":[99,109,156,182],"frequently":[101],"as":[103,135],"detectors.":[104],"Proper":[105],"cooperation":[106],"demands":[110],"their":[111],"measurements":[112],"brought":[115],"common":[118],"coordinate":[119],"system\u2014azimuths":[120],"must":[121],"measured":[123,140],"same":[126],"direction":[127],"(preferably":[128],"north).":[130],"It":[131,161],"requires":[132],"calibration,":[133],"understood":[134],"determining":[136],"constant":[137],"corrections":[138],"angles.":[141],"The":[142,168],"article":[143],"presents":[144],"author\u2019s":[146],"method":[147,174],"fast,":[149],"simultaneous":[150],"calibration":[151],"FMCW":[155],"operating":[157],"network.":[160],"was":[162],"validated":[163],"using":[164],"95,000":[165],"numerical":[166],"tests.":[167],"results":[169],"show":[170],"that":[171],"proposed":[173],"significantly":[175],"improves":[176],"north":[178],"orientation":[179],"throughout":[183],"whole":[185],"range":[186],"initial":[189],"errors.":[190],"Therefore,":[191],"it":[192],"can":[193],"successfully":[195],"practical":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
