{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987242591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212544","title":"Suppressing Paired Echoes Caused by Stair-Step Antenna Steering in TOPS SAR Imaging","display_name":"Suppressing Paired Echoes Caused by Stair-Step Antenna Steering in TOPS SAR Imaging","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987242591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212544","mag":"2987242591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212544","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2544/pdf?version=1573005258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2544/pdf?version=1573005258","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035049598","display_name":"Feng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-5445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374669","display_name":"Yongsheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041170284","display_name":"Tianzhu Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-5266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianzhu Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069503569","display_name":"Guanghu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-5412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631018","display_name":"Zhen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-7628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, No. 109 De Ya Road, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035049598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07871622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"21","first_page":"2544","last_page":"2544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7335554957389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7116113901138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6351678371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.6337239742279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.5059241652488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.43564289808273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4207853078842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3993043899536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3726889491081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32540225982666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25684547424316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21739640831947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2030499279499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15588530898094177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7335554957389832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7116113901138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6351678371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.6337239742279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.5059241652488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.43564289808273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4207853078842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3993043899536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3726889491081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32540225982666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25684547424316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21739640831947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2030499279499054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15588530898094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212544","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2544/pdf?version=1573005258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8216f18b6323434191c663b015a2bcf7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8216f18b6323434191c663b015a2bcf7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 21, p 2544 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212544","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2544/pdf?version=1573005258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3811045614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771478","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2987242591.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2987242591.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574067024","https://openalex.org/W1983439341","https://openalex.org/W1995951109","https://openalex.org/W2013242381","https://openalex.org/W2020727652","https://openalex.org/W2038324166","https://openalex.org/W2049356260","https://openalex.org/W2061438449","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2092006763","https://openalex.org/W2130928328","https://openalex.org/W2138038546","https://openalex.org/W2150636474","https://openalex.org/W2153335131","https://openalex.org/W2156606791","https://openalex.org/W2774039656","https://openalex.org/W2890287675","https://openalex.org/W2891860584","https://openalex.org/W2980372330","https://openalex.org/W3004825877","https://openalex.org/W6769189109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W4210522299","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2462749609","https://openalex.org/W3175568715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,113],"of":[2,63,89,114,147],"electronically":[3],"steered":[4],"antennas":[5],"in":[6,19,40,74,131,136,151,173,197],"the":[7,20,41,61,64,75,80,86,90,99,111,128,148,152,158,163,169,174,195,202],"azimuth":[8,82,129],"dimension":[9],"typically":[10],"leads":[11],"to":[12,98,156,193],"a":[13,47,141,183],"staircase-like":[14,188],"antenna":[15],"beam":[16,189],"steering":[17,190],"law":[18],"Terrain":[21],"Observation":[22],"by":[23,200],"Progressive":[24],"Scan":[25],"(TOPS)":[26],"wide-swath":[27],"synthetic":[28],"aperture":[29],"radar":[30],"(SAR)":[31],"data":[32,77,181],"acquisition":[33],"mode,":[34],"which":[35,69,108,122],"will":[36,109],"introduce":[37],"paired":[38,53,92,165],"echoes":[39,54,93],"focused":[42],"images.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"proposes":[46],"new":[48,142,203],"approach":[49,153],"for":[50,105,126,161],"removing":[51],"such":[52],"from":[55,182],"TOPS":[56,184],"SAR":[57,76,132,185],"images":[58],"based":[59],"on":[60],"generalization":[62],"ideal":[65],"optimum":[66,115,119],"filtering":[67,120,150],"concept,":[68],"can":[70],"be":[71,95],"implemented":[72],"easily":[73],"processing.":[78],"Modeling":[79],"amplitude-modulated":[81],"signal":[83],"shows":[84],"that":[85],"absolute":[87],"phase":[88,160],"introduced":[91],"cannot":[94],"determined":[96],"due":[97],"random":[100],"rotation":[101],"angle":[102],"jump":[103],"time":[104],"each":[106],"target,":[107],"prevent":[110],"precise":[112],"filtering.":[116],"An":[117],"extended":[118],"approach,":[121],"is":[123,134,154],"originally":[124],"proposed":[125],"suppressing":[127],"ambiguities":[130],"images,":[133],"reintroduced":[135],"this":[137],"particular":[138],"case,":[139],"and":[140,144,168],"approximated":[143],"generalized":[145],"form":[146],"deconvolving":[149],"redefined":[155],"accommodate":[157],"undetermined":[159],"both":[162],"strongest":[164],"distortion":[166],"peaks":[167,172],"other":[170],"peripheral":[171],"distorted":[175],"impulse":[176],"response":[177],"function":[178],"(IRF).":[179],"Simulated":[180],"mode":[186],"with":[187],"are":[191],"used":[192],"verify":[194],"improvement":[196],"image":[198],"quality":[199],"using":[201],"method.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}