{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982399281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212506","title":"Ship Detection under Complex Backgrounds Based on Accurate Rotated Anchor Boxes from Paired Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Ship Detection under Complex Backgrounds Based on Accurate Rotated Anchor Boxes from Paired Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982399281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212506","mag":"2982399281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212506","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2506/pdf?version=1572061152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2506/pdf?version=1572061152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054654481","display_name":"Xiaowu Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029710781","display_name":"Zhiqiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101677110","display_name":"Linhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-5454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348913","display_name":"Lingjuan Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-4535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjuan Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029710781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6347,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87503153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"21","first_page":"2506","last_page":"2506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.8491302728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.8015742897987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7914787530899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.7070338726043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5650447010993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5069089531898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4554252028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44697555899620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4339807629585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.40057530999183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36861008405685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07894846796989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.06430584192276001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.8491302728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8015742897987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7914787530899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.7070338726043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5650447010993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5069089531898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4554252028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44697555899620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4339807629585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40057530999183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36861008405685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07894846796989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.06430584192276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212506","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2506/pdf?version=1572061152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7e4009ba1774dc6991762409cbfdc6a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7e4009ba1774dc6991762409cbfdc6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 21, p 2506 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/21/2506/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 21; Pages: 2506","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212506","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2506/pdf?version=1572061152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982399281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982399281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1991367009","https://openalex.org/W2002330476","https://openalex.org/W2003059629","https://openalex.org/W2010181071","https://openalex.org/W2061200049","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2140397874","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2367653257","https://openalex.org/W2400138547","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2465132919","https://openalex.org/W2494341560","https://openalex.org/W2550157261","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2565813159","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2625829240","https://openalex.org/W2745943519","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2790688320","https://openalex.org/W2793268137","https://openalex.org/W2808360995","https://openalex.org/W2884821113","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963011882","https://openalex.org/W2963299996","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963728677","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W3099008583","https://openalex.org/W3105127913","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3154811403","https://openalex.org/W4241071816","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6685651991","https://openalex.org/W6719862444","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6979805371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,219],"still":[2],"challenging":[3],"to":[4,86,110,169,185,201,222],"effectively":[5,186],"detect":[6],"ship":[7,171],"objects":[8],"in":[9,100],"optical":[10],"remote-sensing":[11],"images":[12,238],"with":[13,31,116,232],"complex":[14],"backgrounds.":[15],"Many":[16],"current":[17],"CNN-based":[18],"one-stage":[19],"and":[20,36,38,52,69,76,131,140,145,173,180,191,203,239,242],"two-stage":[21],"detection":[22,41,93],"methods":[23,235],"usually":[24],"first":[25],"predefine":[26],"a":[27,105],"series":[28],"of":[29,61,134,155,215,246],"anchors":[30,64,82,115,176],"various":[32],"scales,":[33],"aspect":[34],"ratios":[35],"angles,":[37],"then":[39],"the":[40,62,73,80,97,120,151,160,174,197,205,210,216,229,244],"results":[42],"can":[43,149,165],"be":[44,166],"outputted":[45],"by":[46],"performing":[47],"once":[48],"or":[49],"twice":[50],"classification":[51,75],"bounding":[53,153,213],"box":[54,154,214],"regression":[55],"for":[56,72,90,236],"predefined":[57],"anchors.":[58,208],"However,":[59],"most":[60],"defined":[63],"have":[65,181],"relatively":[66],"low":[67],"accuracy,":[68],"are":[70,83,177],"useless":[71],"following":[74],"regression.":[77],"In":[78],"addition,":[79],"preset":[81],"not":[84],"robust":[85,168],"produce":[87],"good":[88],"performance":[89],"other":[91],"different":[92,170],"datasets.":[94],"To":[95],"avoid":[96],"above":[98],"problems,":[99],"this":[101],"paper":[102],"we":[103,148,195],"design":[104],"paired":[106,121,138],"semantic":[107,193],"segmentation":[108,122],"network":[109,123],"generate":[111],"more":[112,167,178,224],"accurate":[113,179],"rotated":[114,161,207,217],"smaller":[117],"numbers.":[118,183],"Specifically,":[119],"predicts":[124],"four":[125],"parts":[126,142,158],"(i.e.,":[127],"top-left,":[128],"bottom-right,":[129],"top-right,":[130],"bottom-left":[132,146],"parts)":[133],"ships.":[135],"By":[136],"combining":[137],"top-left":[139],"bottom-right":[141],"(or":[143],"top-right":[144],"parts),":[147],"take":[150],"minimum":[152,212],"these":[156],"two":[157],"as":[159],"anchor.":[162],"This":[163],"way":[164],"datasets,":[172],"generated":[175,206],"fewer":[182],"Furthermore,":[184],"use":[187,196],"fine-scale":[188],"detail":[189],"information":[190],"coarse-scale":[192],"information,":[194],"magnified":[198],"convolutional":[199],"features":[200],"classify":[202],"regress":[204],"Meanwhile,":[209],"horizontal":[211],"anchor":[218],"also":[220],"used":[221],"combine":[223],"context":[225],"information.":[226],"We":[227],"compare":[228],"proposed":[230],"algorithm":[231],"state-of-the-art":[233],"object-detection":[234],"natural":[237],"ship-detection":[240],"methods,":[241],"demonstrate":[243],"superiority":[245],"our":[247],"method.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}