{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982082835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212462","title":"Deep Multi-Scale Recurrent Network for Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Despeckling","display_name":"Deep Multi-Scale Recurrent Network for Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Despeckling","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982082835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212462","mag":"2982082835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2462/pdf?version=1571888130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2462/pdf?version=1571888130","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019433526","display_name":"Yuanyuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-3363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066834799","display_name":"Junren Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-3055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040020120","display_name":"Xiaqing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-8583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaqing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337629","display_name":"Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-4867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113955825","display_name":"Durga Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durga Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080246113","display_name":"Shunjun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-9540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunjun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385993","display_name":"Xiaoling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-3055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066834799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86585736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"21","first_page":"2462","last_page":"2462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7813058495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7607648372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.727607250213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5241577625274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.5171558260917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5056667327880859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5026099681854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5006449222564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.48584601283073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4823595881462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.4425574541091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34947332739830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12790578603744507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7813058495521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7607648372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.727607250213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5241577625274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.5171558260917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5056667327880859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5026099681854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5006449222564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.48584601283073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4823595881462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.4425574541091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34947332739830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12790578603744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2462/pdf?version=1571888130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e3b4ddfbf8274fe88fef9d3f50b36fcb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e3b4ddfbf8274fe88fef9d3f50b36fcb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 21, p 2462 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/21/2462/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11212462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11212462","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/21/2462/pdf?version=1571888130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982082835.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982082835.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19902361","https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1510751240","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1932847118","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W1990085820","https://openalex.org/W2004376198","https://openalex.org/W2038584908","https://openalex.org/W2049909233","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2068281797","https://openalex.org/W2077282160","https://openalex.org/W2077832219","https://openalex.org/W2088498643","https://openalex.org/W2101690226","https://openalex.org/W2106097225","https://openalex.org/W2109411320","https://openalex.org/W2117294245","https://openalex.org/W2117853853","https://openalex.org/W2122072454","https://openalex.org/W2125384310","https://openalex.org/W2126413832","https://openalex.org/W2128033169","https://openalex.org/W2129038850","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2133954466","https://openalex.org/W2151221869","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2519932739","https://openalex.org/W2535388113","https://openalex.org/W2621042270","https://openalex.org/W2757678917","https://openalex.org/W2799112149","https://openalex.org/W2822747609","https://openalex.org/W2883888661","https://openalex.org/W2900834559","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2948730845","https://openalex.org/W2951720561","https://openalex.org/W2954537798","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963522749","https://openalex.org/W2963583038","https://openalex.org/W2969488930","https://openalex.org/W3005363104","https://openalex.org/W3043075211","https://openalex.org/W4243529460","https://openalex.org/W6600815173","https://openalex.org/W6674723063","https://openalex.org/W6678903991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065648684","https://openalex.org/W2113052720","https://openalex.org/W2799624451","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2121688719","https://openalex.org/W2016481886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"the":[1,56,81,88,109,119,123,146,159,190,194],"existence":[2],"of":[3,58,111,122,151,172,196],"speckles,":[4],"many":[5],"standard":[6],"optical":[7,197],"image":[8,37,198],"processing":[9,199],"methods,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"classification,":[13],"segmentation,":[14],"and":[15,44,74,99,128,148,181],"registration,":[16],"are":[17,48,105],"restricted":[18],"to":[19,50,70,86,107,126,168,201],"synthetic":[20],"aperture":[21],"radar":[22],"(SAR)":[23],"images.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"work,":[27],"an":[28],"end-to-end":[29],"deep":[30],"multi-scale":[31,42],"recurrent":[32,43],"network":[33,52,89,139],"(MSR-net)":[34],"for":[35,114,189],"SAR":[36,203],"despeckling":[38,77,112,124,177],"is":[39,68,84],"proposed.":[40],"The":[41,165],"weights":[45,59],"sharing":[46],"strategies":[47],"introduced":[49],"increase":[51],"capacity":[53,113],"without":[54],"multiplying":[55],"number":[57],"parameters.":[60],"A":[61],"convolutional":[62],"long":[63],"short-term":[64],"memory":[65],"(convLSTM)":[66],"unit":[67,83],"embedded":[69],"capture":[71],"useful":[72],"information":[73,130,150],"helps":[75],"with":[76,153],"across":[78],"scales.":[79],"Meanwhile,":[80],"sub-pixel":[82],"utilized":[85],"improve":[87],"efficiency.":[90],"Besides,":[91],"two":[92],"criteria,":[93],"edge":[94,127,147],"feature":[95,100,129],"keep":[96,102],"ratio":[97,103,163,170],"(EFKR)":[98],"point":[101],"(FPKR),":[104],"proposed":[106,138],"evaluate":[108],"performance":[110],"SAR,":[115],"which":[116],"can":[117,140,174,205],"assess":[118],"retention":[120],"ability":[121],"algorithm":[125],"more":[131,185],"effectively.":[132],"Experimental":[133],"results":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136],"our":[137],"remove":[141],"speckle":[142],"noise":[143,162,169],"while":[144],"preserving":[145],"texture":[149],"images":[152,204],"low":[154,160],"computational":[155],"costs,":[156],"especially":[157],"in":[158],"signal":[161,167],"scenarios.":[164],"peak":[166],"(PSNR)":[171],"MSR-net":[173],"outperform":[175],"traditional":[176],"methods":[178,200],"SAR-BM3D":[179],"(Block-Matching":[180],"3D":[182],"filtering)":[183],"by":[184],"than":[186],"2":[187],"dB":[188],"simulated":[191],"image.":[192],"Furthermore,":[193],"adaptability":[195],"real":[202],"be":[206],"enhanced":[207],"after":[208],"despeckling.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}