{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981155501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202369","title":"An Assessment of the Accuracy of MODIS Land Surface Temperature over Egypt Using Ground-Based Measurements","display_name":"An Assessment of the Accuracy of MODIS Land Surface Temperature over Egypt Using Ground-Based Measurements","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981155501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202369","mag":"2981155501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11202369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/20/2369/pdf?version=1570873866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/20/2369/pdf?version=1570873866","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070651967","display_name":"Ahmed El Kenawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6639-6253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}],"countries":["EG","OM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. El Kenawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt","Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088577453","display_name":"Mohamed E. Hereher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-8286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126427551","display_name":"Damietta University","ror":"https://ror.org/035h3r191","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]}],"countries":["EG","OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed E. Hereher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, Damietta University, New Damietta 34511, Egypt","Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Damietta University, New Damietta 34511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111680531","display_name":"S. M. Robaa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed M. Robaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, Space Science and Meteorology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, Space Science and Meteorology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070651967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623","https://openalex.org/I47818738"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.3063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91597027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"20","first_page":"2369","last_page":"2369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.8036565184593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime","display_name":"Daytime","score":0.7959972620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5920183658599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5711030960083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solstice","display_name":"Solstice","score":0.5545703172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid","display_name":"Arid","score":0.5329232215881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.5036954283714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewness","display_name":"Skewness","score":0.5034932494163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-cycle","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","score":0.46237680315971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroradiometer","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","score":0.4442523121833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.43181583285331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1288033127784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.12638235092163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12264877557754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.0902460515499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0794534683227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07342788577079773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.8036565184593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.7959972620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5920183658599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5711030960083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108320909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123524","display_name":"Solstice","level":3,"score":0.5545703172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5329232215881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5036954283714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122342681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330828","display_name":"Skewness","level":2,"score":0.5034932494163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63991900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469559","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","level":2,"score":0.46237680315971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130066347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680509","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.4442523121833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.43181583285331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1288033127784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.12638235092163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12264877557754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.0902460515499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0794534683227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07342788577079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11202369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/20/2369/pdf?version=1570873866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3eb79244870349ad87a859cbf1c048b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3eb79244870349ad87a859cbf1c048b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 20, p 2369 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/20/2369/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11202369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 20; Pages: 2369","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11202369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/20/2369/pdf?version=1570873866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981155501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981155501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W852845388","https://openalex.org/W1584000324","https://openalex.org/W1591032703","https://openalex.org/W1845523560","https://openalex.org/W1869185340","https://openalex.org/W1921503681","https://openalex.org/W1969666701","https://openalex.org/W1972584080","https://openalex.org/W1974021791","https://openalex.org/W1976228594","https://openalex.org/W1983934822","https://openalex.org/W1984811700","https://openalex.org/W1985217805","https://openalex.org/W1987391719","https://openalex.org/W1987762696","https://openalex.org/W1995282508","https://openalex.org/W1997245731","https://openalex.org/W1997893060","https://openalex.org/W2001315938","https://openalex.org/W2005025577","https://openalex.org/W2005751867","https://openalex.org/W2008472315","https://openalex.org/W2020977453","https://openalex.org/W2022609720","https://openalex.org/W2024689500","https://openalex.org/W2026337749","https://openalex.org/W2027389747","https://openalex.org/W2032013744","https://openalex.org/W2034193527","https://openalex.org/W2035688573","https://openalex.org/W2045368311","https://openalex.org/W2066600176","https://openalex.org/W2069267948","https://openalex.org/W2071136051","https://openalex.org/W2076783983","https://openalex.org/W2082819436","https://openalex.org/W2084368407","https://openalex.org/W2084749070","https://openalex.org/W2096182094","https://openalex.org/W2096685903","https://openalex.org/W2098990483","https://openalex.org/W2099168615","https://openalex.org/W2101108516","https://openalex.org/W2101141878","https://openalex.org/W2109599797","https://openalex.org/W2117422131","https://openalex.org/W2124805162","https://openalex.org/W2127437631","https://openalex.org/W2136674707","https://openalex.org/W2140892399","https://openalex.org/W2142156941","https://openalex.org/W2147600114","https://openalex.org/W2155897273","https://openalex.org/W2169278316","https://openalex.org/W2170746588","https://openalex.org/W2170797800","https://openalex.org/W2266902344","https://openalex.org/W2296298476","https://openalex.org/W2330046641","https://openalex.org/W2492661682","https://openalex.org/W2494366638","https://openalex.org/W2509531951","https://openalex.org/W2552111867","https://openalex.org/W2559225374","https://openalex.org/W2563705800","https://openalex.org/W2566143549","https://openalex.org/W2581765812","https://openalex.org/W2599868771","https://openalex.org/W2622319676","https://openalex.org/W2765110247","https://openalex.org/W2767279856","https://openalex.org/W2778147634","https://openalex.org/W2783216674","https://openalex.org/W2787922154","https://openalex.org/W2790851978","https://openalex.org/W2795809170","https://openalex.org/W2799842660","https://openalex.org/W2800723277","https://openalex.org/W2892896743","https://openalex.org/W2910857969","https://openalex.org/W2911495952","https://openalex.org/W2920350379","https://openalex.org/W2940974664","https://openalex.org/W2946119301","https://openalex.org/W2947166367","https://openalex.org/W2969781985","https://openalex.org/W4255585102","https://openalex.org/W4255873529","https://openalex.org/W6642610809","https://openalex.org/W6656075053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968901811","https://openalex.org/W2087241461","https://openalex.org/W1609312116","https://openalex.org/W2098219828","https://openalex.org/W2045907675","https://openalex.org/W2360114125","https://openalex.org/W2028054326","https://openalex.org/W2023226251","https://openalex.org/W3100717430","https://openalex.org/W2990874366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Space-based":[0],"data":[1,56,73],"have":[2],"provided":[3,416],"important":[4,434],"advances":[5],"in":[6,12,21,190,269,282,295,337,363,431,436,474,480],"understanding":[7,466],"climate":[8,24,429],"systems":[9],"and":[10,14,26,53,59,64,68,111,127,132,170,178,218,229,236,241,247,255,274,287,298,326,352,448,453,478,482,492],"processes":[11],"arid":[13,297,481],"semi-arid":[15,299,483],"regions,":[16,339,484],"which":[17],"are":[18],"hot-spot":[19],"regions":[20,283,300],"terms":[22],"of":[23,33,51,89,98,117,130,135,147,175,206,215,310,317,324,334,345,360,428,467,470],"change":[25],"variability.":[27],"This":[28,290],"study":[29,366,460],"assessed":[30],"the":[31,40,79,96,101,121,128,142,148,153,163,173,186,200,204,244,248,251,308,311,331,342,357,372,396,411,468],"performance":[32,97,146,205],"land":[34,219,245],"surface":[35,246,322,347],"temperatures":[36,71,137],"(LSTs),":[37],"retrieved":[38],"from":[39,74,81,371],"Moderate-Resolution":[41],"Imaging":[42],"Spectroradiometer":[43],"(MODIS)":[44],"Aqua":[45],"platform,":[46],"over":[47,208],"Egypt.":[48],"Eight-day":[49],"composites":[50],"daytime":[52,154,182,335,407],"nighttime":[54,149,158],"LST":[55,118,159,183,207,221,266,369,419],"were":[57,92],"aggregated":[58],"validated":[60],"against":[61],"near-surface":[62,388],"seasonal":[63,122,263],"annual":[65],"observational":[66,136],"maximum":[67,187],"minimum":[69,164,392],"air":[70,165,188,393],"using":[72],"34":[75],"meteorological":[76,361],"stations":[77,362],"spanning":[78],"period":[80],"July":[82],"2002":[83],"to":[84,94,119,152,161,232,261,307,341,387,406,463,498],"June":[85],"2015.":[86],"A":[87],"variety":[88],"accuracy":[90,281],"metrics":[91],"employed":[93,378],"evaluate":[95],"LST,":[99],"including":[100],"bias,":[102],"normalized":[103],"root-mean-square":[104],"error":[105],"(nRMSE),":[106],"Yule\u2013Kendall":[107],"(YK)":[108],"skewness":[109],"measure,":[110],"Spearman\u2019s":[112],"rho":[113],"coefficient.":[114],"The":[115,238,320],"ability":[116],"reproduce":[120],"cycle,":[123],"anomalies,":[124],"temporal":[125],"variability,":[126],"distribution":[129],"warm":[131],"cold":[133],"tails":[134],"was":[138],"also":[139],"evaluated.":[140],"Overall,":[141,355],"results":[143,201],"indicate":[144,202],"better":[145,223,268,465],"LSTs":[150],"compared":[151,231,340],"LSTs.":[155,408],"Specifically,":[156],"while":[157],"tended":[160],"underestimate":[162],"temperature":[166,189,336],"during":[167,224],"winter,":[168],"spring,":[169],"autumn":[171],"on":[172],"order":[174],"\u22121.3,":[176],"\u22121.2,":[177],"\u22121.4":[179],"\u00b0C,":[180],"respectively,":[181],"markedly":[184],"overestimated":[185],"all":[191],"seasons,":[192],"with":[193,271,284,314,433],"values":[194],"mostly":[195],"above":[196],"5":[197],"\u00b0C.":[198],"Importantly,":[199],"that":[203,368],"Egypt":[209],"varies":[210],"considerably":[211],"as":[212,379,440],"a":[213,315,380,384,424,464],"function":[214],"season,":[216],"lithology,":[217],"use.":[220],"performs":[222,267],"transitional":[225],"seasons":[226],"(i.e.,":[227,234,349],"spring":[228],"autumn)":[230],"solstices":[233],"winter":[235],"summer).":[237],"varying":[239],"interactions":[240,479],"feedbacks":[242,477],"between":[243,253],"atmosphere,":[249],"especially":[250],"differences":[252],"sensible":[254],"latent":[256],"heat":[257],"fluxes,":[258],"contribute":[259,306,462],"largely":[260],"these":[262,338,499],"variations.":[264],"Spatially,":[265],"areas":[270],"sandstone":[272],"formations":[273,344],"quaternary":[275,353],"sediments":[276],"and,":[277],"conversely,":[278],"shows":[279],"lower":[280],"limestone,":[285],"igneous,":[286],"metamorphic":[288],"rocks.":[289],"behavior":[291],"can":[292,375,420,461],"be":[293,376,404,421],"expected":[294],"hybrid":[296],"like":[301],"Egypt,":[302,364,432],"where":[303],"bare":[304],"rocks":[305,328],"majority":[309],"Egyptian":[312],"territory,":[313],"lack":[316],"vegetation":[318],"cover.":[319],"low":[321],"albedo":[323,348],"igneous":[325],"limestone":[327],"may":[329],"explain":[330],"remarkable":[332],"overestimation":[333],"bright":[343],"higher":[346],"sandy":[350],"deserts":[351],"rocks).":[354],"recalling":[356],"limited":[358],"coverage":[359],"this":[365,459],"demonstrates":[367],"obtained":[370],"MODIS":[373,418],"product":[374],"trustworthily":[377],"surrogate":[381],"for":[382,391,423,488],"or":[383],"supplementary":[385],"source":[386],"measurements,":[389],"particularly":[390],"temperature.":[394],"On":[395],"other":[397],"hand,":[398],"some":[399],"bias":[400],"correction":[401],"techniques":[402],"should":[403],"applied":[405],"In":[409],"general,":[410],"fine":[412],"space-based":[413],"climatic":[414,476],"information":[415],"by":[417],"used":[422],"detailed":[425],"spatial":[426],"assessment":[427],"variability":[430],"applications":[435,469,493],"several":[437],"disciplines":[438],"such":[439],"water":[441],"resource":[442],"management,":[443],"hydrological":[444],"modeling,":[445],"agricultural":[446],"management":[447],"planning,":[449],"urban":[450],"climate,":[451],"biodiversity,":[452],"energy":[454],"consumption,":[455],"amongst":[456],"others.":[457],"Also,":[458],"remote":[471],"sensing":[472],"technology":[473],"assessing":[475],"opening":[485],"new":[486],"avenues":[487],"developing":[489],"innovative":[490],"algorithms":[491],"specifically":[494],"addressing":[495],"issues":[496],"related":[497],"regions.":[500]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2019-10-25T00:00:00"}