{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975515761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192256","title":"Fast Ground Filtering of Airborne LiDAR Data Based on Iterative Scan-Line Spline Interpolation","display_name":"Fast Ground Filtering of Airborne LiDAR Data Based on Iterative Scan-Line Spline Interpolation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975515761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192256","mag":"2975515761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11192256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192256","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2256/pdf?version=1569579834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2256/pdf?version=1569579834","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643190","display_name":"Jorge Mart\u00ednez S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-8110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Mart\u00ednez S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108692676","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro V\u00e1quez \u00c1lvarez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro V\u00e1quez \u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica e Computaci\u00f3n, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083070796","display_name":"D.L. Vilari\u00f1o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-2924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L\u00f3pez Vilari\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006709169","display_name":"Francisco F. Rivera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6728-9350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Fern\u00e1ndez Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085436368","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 C. Cabaleiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-5162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Cabaleiro Dom\u00ednguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084306280","display_name":"Tom\u00e1s F. Pena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u00e1s Fern\u00e1ndez Pena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100643190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239","https://openalex.org/I4210111807"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72301244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"19","first_page":"2256","last_page":"2256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7343720197677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.692338764667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5843948721885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5412014126777649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spline-interpolation","display_name":"Spline interpolation","score":0.5320309996604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scan-line","display_name":"Scan line","score":0.5184345245361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spline","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","score":0.41590258479118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3834947347640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3761642575263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33088618516921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.15665799379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09203043580055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07902094721794128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7343720197677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.692338764667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5843948721885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5412014126777649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31447003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545002","display_name":"Spline interpolation","level":3,"score":0.5320309996604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142748172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240002","display_name":"Scan line","level":4,"score":0.5184345245361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581809","display_name":"Spline (mechanical)","level":2,"score":0.41590258479118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3834947347640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3761642575263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33088618516921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.15665799379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09203043580055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07902094721794128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11192256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192256","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2256/pdf?version=1569579834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:minerva_____::cee411acda621213375c4f75f46bb6e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10347/21246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72810f4dd3074fecb8ccafc8e480bd52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72810f4dd3074fecb8ccafc8e480bd52","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 19, p 2256 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/19/2256/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 19; Pages: 2256","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11192256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192256","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/19/2256/pdf?version=1569579834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1250066053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIN2016-76373-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321764","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3755611997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G/08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325108","funder_display_name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6465544585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ERDF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8418943628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431C 2018/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325108","funder_display_name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321764","display_name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","ror":"https://ror.org/03nc27g21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325108","display_name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq5rs15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975515761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975515761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53696805","https://openalex.org/W84227776","https://openalex.org/W1953583989","https://openalex.org/W1977428739","https://openalex.org/W1995807936","https://openalex.org/W2006650073","https://openalex.org/W2014091167","https://openalex.org/W2016102955","https://openalex.org/W2034546021","https://openalex.org/W2035553864","https://openalex.org/W2056769281","https://openalex.org/W2088805832","https://openalex.org/W2091168295","https://openalex.org/W2156516396","https://openalex.org/W2158166073","https://openalex.org/W2163451907","https://openalex.org/W2229319020","https://openalex.org/W2345715650","https://openalex.org/W2436494909","https://openalex.org/W2471093432","https://openalex.org/W2611326524","https://openalex.org/W2781854542","https://openalex.org/W2898405211","https://openalex.org/W2945062605","https://openalex.org/W3095305805","https://openalex.org/W6602210371","https://openalex.org/W6603383834","https://openalex.org/W6683911597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965605760","https://openalex.org/W2089774915","https://openalex.org/W2046026412","https://openalex.org/W2787646063","https://openalex.org/W2002288548","https://openalex.org/W2102842245","https://openalex.org/W4392640306","https://openalex.org/W2057046968","https://openalex.org/W4230334724","https://openalex.org/W1854261619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,25,41,46,125,153,162,196,252],"last":[2],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"a":[5,117,165,172,192,213,244],"wide":[6],"range":[7],"of":[8,33,40,89,116,169,176,254],"applications":[9],"have":[10,57],"been":[11,58],"developed":[12],"from":[13],"Light":[14],"Detection":[15],"and":[16,29,48,65,146,171],"Ranging":[17],"(LiDAR)":[18],"point":[19],"clouds.":[20],"Most":[21],"LiDAR-derived":[22],"products":[23],"require":[24],"distinction":[26],"between":[27],"ground":[28,35,87,145,160],"non-ground":[30,147],"points.":[31],"Because":[32],"this,":[34],"filtering":[36,88,240],"its":[37,219],"being":[38],"one":[39],"most":[42],"studied":[43],"topics":[44],"in":[45,107,223,243],"literature":[47],"robust":[49],"methods":[50,56],"are":[51,67,120,142],"nowadays":[52],"available.":[53],"However,":[54],"these":[55],"designed":[59],"to":[60,76,152,201,217,221],"work":[61],"with":[62,179,263],"offline":[63],"data":[64,92,181],"they":[66],"generally":[68],"not":[69],"well":[70],"suited":[71],"for":[72,86,124],"real-time":[73,239],"scenarios.":[74],"Aiming":[75],"address":[77],"this":[78,80],"issue,":[79],"paper":[81],"proposes":[82],"an":[83,100],"efficient":[84],"method":[85,163,197],"airborne":[90],"LiDAR":[91],"based":[93],"on":[94,191],"scan-line":[95],"processing.":[96],"In":[97],"our":[98],"proposal,":[99],"iterative":[101],"1-D":[102],"spline":[103,114],"interpolation":[104],"is":[105,134,241],"performed":[106],"each":[108],"scan":[109,118,127],"line":[110,119],"sequentially.":[111],"The":[112,207],"final":[113,154],"knots":[115],"taken":[121],"into":[122,144,212],"account":[123],"next":[126],"line,":[128],"so":[129],"that":[130,195,238,258],"valuable":[131],"2-D":[132],"information":[133],"also":[135,182],"considered":[136],"without":[137],"compromising":[138],"computational":[139],"efficiency.":[140],"Points":[141],"labelled":[143],"by":[148,230],"analysing":[149],"their":[150],"residuals":[151],"spline.":[155],"When":[156],"tested":[157],"against":[158],"synthetic":[159],"truth,":[161],"yields":[164],"mean":[166,173],"kappa":[167],"value":[168],"88.59%":[170],"total":[174],"error":[175],"0.50%.":[177],"Experiments":[178],"real":[180],"show":[183,194],"satisfactory":[184],"results":[185],"under":[186],"visual":[187],"inspection.":[188],"Performance":[189],"tests":[190],"workstation":[193],"can":[198,250],"process":[199,251],"up":[200],"1":[202],"million":[203],"points":[204,255],"per":[205,256],"second.":[206],"original":[208],"implementation":[209],"was":[210,228],"ported":[211],"low-cost":[214],"development":[215],"board":[216,246],"demonstrate":[218],"feasibility":[220],"run":[222],"embedded":[224],"systems,":[225],"where":[226],"throughput":[227],"improved":[229],"using":[231],"programmable":[232],"logic":[233],"hardware":[234],"acceleration.":[235],"Analysis":[236],"shows":[237],"possible":[242],"high-end":[245],"prototype,":[247],"as":[248],"it":[249],"amount":[253],"second":[257],"current":[259],"lightweight":[260],"scanners":[261],"acquire":[262],"low-energy":[264],"consumption.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}