{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974391216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182149","title":"KLUM: An Urban VNIR and SWIR Spectral Library Consisting of Building Materials","display_name":"KLUM: An Urban VNIR and SWIR Spectral Library Consisting of Building Materials","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974391216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182149","mag":"2974391216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2149/pdf?version=1568887651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2149/pdf?version=1568887651","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017621776","display_name":"R. Ilehag","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Ilehag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (IPF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (IPF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884328","display_name":"Andreas Schenk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6025-1617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Schenk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (IPF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (IPF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101722739","display_name":"Yilin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0132-6650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084538309","display_name":"Stefan Hinz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-9800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Hinz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (IPF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (IPF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017621776"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1562,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1684},"fwci":2.5383,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90568395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"18","first_page":"2149","last_page":"2149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vnir","display_name":"VNIR","score":0.8469705581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7670117616653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7205225229263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facade","display_name":"Facade","score":0.6779810190200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectroscopy","display_name":"Imaging spectroscopy","score":0.5066395401954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.47684943675994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.4234811067581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4029896855354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21222278475761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12427091598510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11454799771308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.08204653859138489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5457282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907352","display_name":"VNIR","level":3,"score":0.8469705581665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7670117616653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7205225229263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780113678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183061","display_name":"Facade","level":2,"score":0.6779810190200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158479148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609991","display_name":"Imaging spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.5066395401954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.47684943675994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.4234811067581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4029896855354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21222278475761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12427091598510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11454799771308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.08204653859138489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2149/pdf?version=1568887651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000098762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000098762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401992","display_name":"Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote sensing, 11 (18), Article: 2149","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8fa64379bcf84f46b4992cdf219e3f8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8fa64379bcf84f46b4992cdf219e3f8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 18, p 2149 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/18/2149/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 18; Pages: 2149","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/96612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/96612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055458","display_name":"TSpace","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000098762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000098762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11182149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182149","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/18/2149/pdf?version=1568887651","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G365492981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RISE Germany 2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","funder_display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311048","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2974391216.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2974391216.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98076215","https://openalex.org/W108512090","https://openalex.org/W1608180792","https://openalex.org/W1685920545","https://openalex.org/W1970385518","https://openalex.org/W1980769869","https://openalex.org/W2004776481","https://openalex.org/W2010319424","https://openalex.org/W2021597230","https://openalex.org/W2022993195","https://openalex.org/W2025389829","https://openalex.org/W2030373492","https://openalex.org/W2035826116","https://openalex.org/W2038513741","https://openalex.org/W2044803212","https://openalex.org/W2044969722","https://openalex.org/W2045786899","https://openalex.org/W2051263911","https://openalex.org/W2091397530","https://openalex.org/W2095000342","https://openalex.org/W2102270813","https://openalex.org/W2107552587","https://openalex.org/W2113976677","https://openalex.org/W2143277109","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2159411209","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2407072888","https://openalex.org/W2414002301","https://openalex.org/W2463671523","https://openalex.org/W2579999331","https://openalex.org/W2596117227","https://openalex.org/W2606412288","https://openalex.org/W2750964548","https://openalex.org/W2765685702","https://openalex.org/W2884419653","https://openalex.org/W2893032184","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916390454","https://openalex.org/W3044579461","https://openalex.org/W3116281389","https://openalex.org/W3186992460","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4376626117","https://openalex.org/W6651902496","https://openalex.org/W6663230306","https://openalex.org/W6777736389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387802641","https://openalex.org/W2027460042","https://openalex.org/W2045337428","https://openalex.org/W2044082451","https://openalex.org/W2801095402","https://openalex.org/W2514046700","https://openalex.org/W2765547586","https://openalex.org/W2058549613","https://openalex.org/W3164997792","https://openalex.org/W2970483596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"about":[1],"the":[2,16,33,107,157,204,207,230,265,278,281,313],"existing":[3],"materials":[4,78,123],"in":[5,9,13,47,62,98,106,140,312],"urban":[6,36,92],"areas":[7],"has,":[8],"recent":[10],"times,":[11],"increased":[12],"importance.":[14],"With":[15],"use":[17],"of":[18,35,42,53,96,131,181,188,196,206,287,316],"imaging":[19,103],"spectroscopy":[20,104],"and":[21,31,84,109,112,124,137,172,194,212,220,228,263,280,304],"hyperspectral":[22],"remote":[23,170],"sensing":[24,171],"techniques,":[25],"it":[26],"is":[27,154,161,175,246],"possible":[28],"to":[29,142,156,164,267],"measure":[30],"collect":[32],"spectra":[34,44,54,101,198,209],"materials.":[37],"Most":[38],"spectral":[39,69,93,116,128,182,215,239,256],"libraries":[40,70],"consist":[41],"either":[43],"acquired":[45,208],"indoors":[46],"a":[48,148,162,176,221,249,255,259,269,288,291],"controlled":[49],"lab":[50],"environment":[51],"or":[52,285],"from":[55,236],"afar":[56],"using":[57,214],"airborne":[58],"systems":[59],"accompanied":[60],"with":[61,102,118,147,251,258],"situ":[63,99],"measurements.":[64],"Furthermore,":[65,203],"most":[66],"publicly":[67,237],"available":[68,238],"have,":[71],"so":[72,300],"far,":[73],"not":[74],"focused":[75],"on":[76,80,121,150,248],"facade":[77,122,136],"but":[79,146],"roofing":[81,138],"materials,":[82,133,139],"roads,":[83],"pavements.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"study,":[88],"we":[89,233],"present":[90],"an":[91,189],"library":[94,129,257],"consisting":[95],"collected":[97],"material":[100,125,231,243,261,272,289],"techniques":[105],"visible":[108],"near-infrared":[110],"(VNIR)":[111],"short-wave":[113],"infrared":[114],"(SWIR)":[115],"range,":[117],"particular":[119],"focus":[120,149],"variation.":[126],"The":[127,184,241,274,302],"consists":[130,186],"building":[132],"such":[134],"as":[135,159],"addition":[141],"surrounding":[143],"ground":[144],"material,":[145],"facades.":[151],"This":[152],"novelty":[153],"beneficial":[155],"community":[158],"there":[160,174],"shift":[163],"oblique-viewed":[165],"Unmanned":[166],"Aerial":[167],"Vehicle":[168],"(UAV)-based":[169],"thus,":[173],"need":[177],"for":[178],"new":[179],"types":[180],"libraries.":[183,240],"post-processing":[185],"partly":[187],"intra-set":[190],"solar":[191],"irradiance":[192],"correction":[193],"recalculation":[195],"reference":[197],"caused":[199],"by":[200],"signal":[201],"clipping.":[202],"clustering":[205],"was":[210],"performed":[211],"evaluated":[213],"measures,":[216],"including":[217],"Spectral":[218,223],"Angle":[219],"modified":[222],"Gradient":[224],"Angle.":[225],"To":[226],"confirm":[227],"compare":[229],"classes,":[232],"used":[234],"samples":[235,303],"final":[242],"classification":[244],"scheme":[245],"based":[247],"hierarchy":[250],"subclasses,":[252],"which":[253],"enables":[254],"larger":[260,293],"variation":[262],"offers":[264],"possibility":[266],"perform":[268],"more":[270],"refined":[271],"analysis.":[273],"analysis":[275],"reveals":[276],"that":[277],"color":[279],"surface":[282],"structure,":[283],"texture":[284],"coating":[286],"plays":[290],"significantly":[292],"role":[294],"than":[295],"what":[296],"has":[297],"been":[298],"presented":[299],"far.":[301],"their":[305],"corresponding":[306],"detailed":[307],"metadata":[308],"can":[309],"be":[310],"found":[311],"Karlsruhe":[314],"Library":[315],"Urban":[317],"Materials":[318],"(KLUM)":[319],"archive.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
