{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970446928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172027","title":"Ground Deformation Revealed by Sentinel-1 MSBAS-InSAR Time-Series over Karamay Oilfield, China","display_name":"Ground Deformation Revealed by Sentinel-1 MSBAS-InSAR Time-Series over Karamay Oilfield, China","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970446928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172027","mag":"2970446928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2027/pdf?version=1566991658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2027/pdf?version=1566991658","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108690778","display_name":"Chengsheng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengsheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783850","display_name":"Dongxiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-3233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067826216","display_name":"Chaoying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5730-9602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060039589","display_name":"Bingquan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-1730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingquan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087195720","display_name":"Ruiqi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heilongjiang Institute of Geomatics Engineering, Harbin 150086, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Institute of Geomatics Engineering, Harbin 150086, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102595865","display_name":"Jiantao Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-4085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030223441","display_name":"Liquan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-4939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liquan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100783850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":27.2609,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9905738,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"2027","last_page":"2027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7988734841346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.7203561067581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7194677591323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation-monitoring","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","score":0.4717242121696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidence","display_name":"Subsidence","score":0.4421544671058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.3949076533317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.33184486627578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.24155297875404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.11412215232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.08468225598335266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7988734841346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.7203561067581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.7194677591323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136428324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838414","display_name":"Deformation monitoring","level":3,"score":0.4717242121696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180851071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849953","display_name":"Subsidence","level":3,"score":0.4421544671058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.3949076533317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.33184486627578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.24155297875404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.11412215232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.08468225598335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2027/pdf?version=1566991658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a7c79ec3d3f47d5ab30a7f088468e99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a7c79ec3d3f47d5ab30a7f088468e99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 17, p 2027 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/17/2027/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11172027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/2027/pdf?version=1566991658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1257510452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41604015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3108219817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41731066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3735257587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41604001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8108131831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41790445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G893728469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41628401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970446928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970446928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27504347","https://openalex.org/W816519929","https://openalex.org/W1123741481","https://openalex.org/W1178408267","https://openalex.org/W1883408522","https://openalex.org/W1907348291","https://openalex.org/W1968735445","https://openalex.org/W1982578880","https://openalex.org/W1990544734","https://openalex.org/W2005499613","https://openalex.org/W2012464879","https://openalex.org/W2025494752","https://openalex.org/W2035513045","https://openalex.org/W2041859079","https://openalex.org/W2060315084","https://openalex.org/W2067739040","https://openalex.org/W2073360265","https://openalex.org/W2086011904","https://openalex.org/W2086099823","https://openalex.org/W2087208682","https://openalex.org/W2130014760","https://openalex.org/W2130204909","https://openalex.org/W2150310489","https://openalex.org/W2156323367","https://openalex.org/W2158245380","https://openalex.org/W2303318856","https://openalex.org/W2354173402","https://openalex.org/W2578888765","https://openalex.org/W2609169714","https://openalex.org/W2729692844","https://openalex.org/W2740798168","https://openalex.org/W2790531590","https://openalex.org/W2793055084","https://openalex.org/W2795527184","https://openalex.org/W2887864665","https://openalex.org/W2905007957","https://openalex.org/W2922265002","https://openalex.org/W3021839875","https://openalex.org/W3205423163","https://openalex.org/W4234857801","https://openalex.org/W4245316609","https://openalex.org/W6601096375","https://openalex.org/W6639068676","https://openalex.org/W6672184549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357794065","https://openalex.org/W2127359929","https://openalex.org/W2099318526","https://openalex.org/W2354641586","https://openalex.org/W3202939839","https://openalex.org/W2373442863","https://openalex.org/W1991045795","https://openalex.org/W2113346282","https://openalex.org/W2374921833","https://openalex.org/W2380150387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluid":[0],"extraction":[1],"or":[2,14],"injection":[3],"into":[4],"underground":[5],"reservoirs":[6],"may":[7,18,29],"cause":[8],"ground":[9],"deformation,":[10],"manifested":[11],"as":[12,81],"subsidence":[13],"uplift.":[15],"Excessive":[16],"deformation":[17,38,88,120,131,137,162],"threaten":[19],"the":[20,23,34,47,63,76,125,160],"infrastructure":[21],"of":[22,36,50,55,62,96,159],"oilfield":[24,59,78,123],"and":[25,28,52,66,101,118,135,144,151],"its":[26],"surroundings":[27],"even":[30],"induce":[31],"earthquakes.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"monitoring":[35],"surface":[37,87],"caused":[39,89],"by":[40,90],"oil":[41,65],"production":[42,49],"activities":[43],"is":[44,60],"important":[45],"for":[46],"safe":[48],"oilfields":[51],"safety":[53],"assessments":[54],"surrounding":[56],"infrastructure.":[57],"Karamay":[58,77,122],"one":[61,158],"major":[64],"gas":[67],"fields":[68],"in":[69,79,138,168],"China.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72,139],"study,":[73],"we":[74],"take":[75],"Xinjiang":[80],"a":[82,165,169],"case":[83],"study":[84],"to":[85,110,115],"detect":[86],"subsurface":[91],"fluid":[92],"injection.":[93],"Sentinel-1A":[94],"images":[95],"32":[97],"ascending":[98],"(Path":[99,104],"114)":[100],"34":[102],"descending":[103],"165)":[105],"tracks":[106],"spanning":[107],"March":[108],"2017":[109],"August":[111],"2018,":[112],"were":[113],"used":[114],"derive":[116],"vertical":[117,134],"horizontal":[119,145],"over":[121],"using":[124,164],"MSBAS-InSAR":[126],"method.":[127],"The":[128,141],"observed":[129],"two-dimensional":[130],"exhibited":[132],"significant":[133],"east-west":[136],"region.":[140],"maximum":[142],"uplift":[143],"velocity":[146],"was":[147],"approximately":[148],"160":[149],"mm/year":[150],"65":[152],"mm/year,":[153],"respectively.":[154],"We":[155],"also":[156],"modeled":[157],"typical":[161],"zones":[163],"dislocation":[166],"model":[167],"homogenous":[170],"elastic":[171],"half-space.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}