{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969431866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171970","title":"Performance Evaluation of a Potential Component of an Early Flood Warning System\u2014A Case Study of the 2012 Flood, Lower Niger River Basin, Nigeria","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of a Potential Component of an Early Flood Warning System\u2014A Case Study of the 2012 Flood, Lower Niger River Basin, Nigeria","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969431866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171970","mag":"2969431866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11171970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171970","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1970/pdf?version=1566566503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1970/pdf?version=1566566503","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046046163","display_name":"Dorcas Idowu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorcas Idowu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452490","display_name":"Wendy Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-375X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101452490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":5.6251,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96400594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"1970","last_page":"1970"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9598000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.7953262329101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7388597130775452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-warning","display_name":"Flood warning","score":0.7346515655517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/100-year-flood","display_name":"100-year flood","score":0.5782009363174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-forecasting","display_name":"Flood forecasting","score":0.5685133934020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.5682003498077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.5560349225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.5473771095275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resource-management","display_name":"Water resource management","score":0.5230247378349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.513251543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.45931485295295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-basin","display_name":"Drainage basin","score":0.41321122646331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.33473023772239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.24802976846694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17539486289024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09364604949951172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.7953262329101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7388597130775452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778924419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5460084","display_name":"Flood warning","level":3,"score":0.7346515655517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171878848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336797","display_name":"100-year flood","level":3,"score":0.5782009363174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183195422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409303","display_name":"Flood forecasting","level":3,"score":0.5685133934020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5682003498077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5560349225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.5473771095275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.5230247378349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.513251543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45931485295295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.41321122646331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.33473023772239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.24802976846694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17539486289024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09364604949951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11171970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171970","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1970/pdf?version=1566566503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ab83219446c4f008ee0e2f6fa44a846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ab83219446c4f008ee0e2f6fa44a846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 17, p 1970 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/17/1970/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 17; Pages: 1970","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11171970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171970","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1970/pdf?version=1566566503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307806","display_name":"Chevron","ror":"https://ror.org/02jfa8730"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308335","display_name":"American Association of University Women","ror":"https://ror.org/05hrczs03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310862","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334116","display_name":"NASA Headquarters","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969431866.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969431866.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1154721585","https://openalex.org/W1554216198","https://openalex.org/W1936814126","https://openalex.org/W1937808031","https://openalex.org/W1976525272","https://openalex.org/W2011423033","https://openalex.org/W2019721376","https://openalex.org/W2025538039","https://openalex.org/W2036818080","https://openalex.org/W2053692638","https://openalex.org/W2073312243","https://openalex.org/W2109166354","https://openalex.org/W2165056704","https://openalex.org/W2167010963","https://openalex.org/W2301462969","https://openalex.org/W2343720024","https://openalex.org/W2529894661","https://openalex.org/W2757708376","https://openalex.org/W2913066849","https://openalex.org/W6885168235","https://openalex.org/W6967629599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401705565","https://openalex.org/W1981503247","https://openalex.org/W2186121670","https://openalex.org/W4388576297","https://openalex.org/W3008422935","https://openalex.org/W2471404363","https://openalex.org/W1874962531","https://openalex.org/W2186700429","https://openalex.org/W2019854565","https://openalex.org/W2138047542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Floods":[0],"frequently":[1],"occur":[2],"in":[3,9,38,61,95,97,245,261],"Nigeria.":[4],"The":[5,34,199],"catastrophic":[6],"2012":[7,109,132],"flood":[8,49,58,110,120,133,221,291],"Nigeria":[10,96],"claimed":[11],"363":[12],"lives":[13],"and":[14,51,74,101,147,155,171,205,215,277,293],"affected":[15],"about":[16,24],"seven":[17],"million":[18],"people.":[19],"A":[20],"total":[21],"loss":[22],"of":[23,36,45,54,69,88,99,117,153,197,213,243],"2.29":[25],"trillion":[26],"Naira":[27],"(7.2":[28],"billion":[29],"US":[30],"Dollars)":[31],"was":[32,258],"estimated.":[33],"effect":[35],"flooding":[37,244,267],"the":[39,62,67,71,85,89,108,115,118,130,139,150,175,180,188,202,220,224,227,240,246,250,266,270,274],"country":[40],"has":[41],"been":[42],"devastating":[43,131],"because":[44],"sparse":[46],"to":[47,83,107,149,174,265],"no":[48],"monitoring,":[50],"a":[52,164,194,210,230,259,288],"lack":[53],"an":[55],"effective":[56],"early":[57],"warning":[59],"system":[60],"country.":[63],"Here,":[64],"we":[65,113,137,162],"evaluated":[66],"efficacy":[68],"using":[70,168],"Gravity":[72],"Recovery":[73],"Climate":[75],"Experiment":[76],"(GRACE)":[77],"terrestrial":[78,103,141],"water":[79,104,142,151,165,189,206,262,283,294],"storage":[80,105,143,253,263,278,295],"anomaly":[81],"(TWSA)":[82],"evaluate":[84],"hydrological":[86],"conditions":[87],"Lower":[90],"Niger":[91],"River":[92],"Basin":[93],"(LNRB)":[94],"terms":[98],"precipitation":[100,234],"antecedent":[102],"prior":[106,264],"event.":[111,134],"Furthermore,":[112,161],"accessed":[114],"potential":[116,121,289],"GRACE-based":[119,252,275],"index":[122],"(FPI)":[123],"at":[124],"correctly":[125],"predicting":[126],"previous":[127],"floods,":[128],"especially":[129],"For":[135],"validation,":[136],"compared":[138,172],"GRACE":[140,181],"capacity":[144],"(TWSC)":[145],"quantitatively":[146],"qualitatively":[148],"budget":[152,190],"TWSC":[154,182,191],"Dartmouth":[156],"Flood":[157],"Observatory":[158],"(DFO)":[159],"respectively.":[160,297],"derived":[163],"budget-based":[166,284],"FPI":[167,177,204,208,228,271,276,285],"Reager\u2019s":[169],"methodology":[170],"it":[173],"GRACE-derived":[176,203],"quantitatively.":[178],"Generally,":[179],"estimates":[183,192],"showed":[184,229],"seasonal":[185],"consistency":[186],"with":[187,193,219,233,282],"correlation":[195,211],"coefficient":[196,212],"0.8.":[198],"comparison":[200],"between":[201],"budget-derived":[207],"gave":[209],"0.9":[214],"also":[216],"agreed":[217],"well":[218],"reported":[222],"by":[223],"DFO.":[225],"Also,":[226],"marked":[231],"increase":[232],"which":[235],"implies":[236],"that":[237,256],"rainfall":[238],"is":[239],"main":[241],"cause":[242],"study":[247],"area.":[248],"Additionally,":[249],"computed":[251],"deficit":[254,279],"revealed":[255],"there":[257],"decrease":[260],"month":[268],"while":[269],"increased.":[272],"Hence,":[273],"when":[280],"supplemented":[281],"could":[286],"suggest":[287],"for":[290],"prediction":[292],"monitoring":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}