{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969723345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171962","title":"Retrieval of Cloud Optical Thickness from Sky-View Camera Images using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network based on Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer","display_name":"Retrieval of Cloud Optical Thickness from Sky-View Camera Images using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network based on Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969723345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171962","mag":"2969723345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11171962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1962/pdf?version=1566385407","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1962/pdf?version=1566385407","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053030178","display_name":"Ryosuke Masuda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryosuke Masuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010488455","display_name":"Hironobu Iwabuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-8598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hironobu Iwabuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060838793","display_name":"K. Sebastian Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3899-228X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114008","display_name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/01fcjzv38","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4210114008"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Sebastian Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0311, USA","Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303-7814, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0311, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303-7814, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114008","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023034117","display_name":"Alessandro Damiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-6193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Damiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025939963","display_name":"Rei Kudo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801997990","display_name":"Japan Meteorological Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02772kk97","country_code":"JP","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801997990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446413","display_name":"Meteorological Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/031gqrq04","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801997990","https://openalex.org/I4388446413"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rei Kudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801997990","https://openalex.org/I4388446413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010488455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.4682,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94205142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"17","first_page":"1962","last_page":"1962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.7497822046279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6529494524002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6309918165206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.617195188999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.5521506071090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-radiative-transfer-codes","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","score":0.528084933757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.506306529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4399282932281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4379502534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-camera","display_name":"Digital camera","score":0.4293501675128937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41799888014793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23233875632286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20596107840538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.19154173135757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16618430614471436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.7497822046279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6529494524002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6309918165206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.617195188999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.5521506071090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.528084933757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.506306529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4399282932281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4379502534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779705975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62927","display_name":"Digital camera","level":2,"score":0.4293501675128937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41799888014793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23233875632286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20596107840538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.19154173135757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16618430614471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11171962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1962/pdf?version=1566385407","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cuscholar:3484zh70c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/articles/3484zh70c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401957","display_name":"CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","host_organization_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe377a252ccc4126a0c446df6b284f01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe377a252ccc4126a0c446df6b284f01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 17, p 1962 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/17/1962/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 17; Pages: 1962","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11171962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11171962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/17/1962/pdf?version=1566385407","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1253903621","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17H02963","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G193038087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JST CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2983449479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Scientific Research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3236194794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3282004645","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","funder_display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4793177370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ER2GCF204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334900","funder_display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874944895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5256887504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5748888530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR15K4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6718509927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7167128334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Researc","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7314194600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RIKEN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7337825077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid for Sc","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7752643416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8114568754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Kiban B 17H02963","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8759943101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"rant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8959164654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR15K4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","funder_display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323533","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334900","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335125","display_name":"RIKEN","ror":"https://ror.org/01sjwvz98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969723345.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969723345.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7192624","https://openalex.org/W1519295021","https://openalex.org/W1649460031","https://openalex.org/W1816585183","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W1966586128","https://openalex.org/W1967653985","https://openalex.org/W1991244991","https://openalex.org/W1994385582","https://openalex.org/W2002764378","https://openalex.org/W2008504428","https://openalex.org/W2008870379","https://openalex.org/W2010925179","https://openalex.org/W2030596901","https://openalex.org/W2051308339","https://openalex.org/W2060001579","https://openalex.org/W2083397465","https://openalex.org/W2093284820","https://openalex.org/W2108374291","https://openalex.org/W2113358018","https://openalex.org/W2128385451","https://openalex.org/W2138322946","https://openalex.org/W2166151069","https://openalex.org/W2175659128","https://openalex.org/W2177994541","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2198480319","https://openalex.org/W2286929393","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2343153115","https://openalex.org/W2419387671","https://openalex.org/W2440360155","https://openalex.org/W2509775710","https://openalex.org/W2515017999","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2581895270","https://openalex.org/W2593415876","https://openalex.org/W2616243452","https://openalex.org/W2749967461","https://openalex.org/W2759232202","https://openalex.org/W2773741946","https://openalex.org/W2799810899","https://openalex.org/W2896243733","https://openalex.org/W2962850830","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2969649258","https://openalex.org/W4247610042","https://openalex.org/W6652477125","https://openalex.org/W6766909612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2275194557","https://openalex.org/W2600406339","https://openalex.org/W1968683057","https://openalex.org/W2130440693","https://openalex.org/W2528335145","https://openalex.org/W2032650299","https://openalex.org/W1992894507","https://openalex.org/W997830350","https://openalex.org/W4234915953","https://openalex.org/W2114149763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Observation":[0],"of":[1,5,17,44,73,82,104,120,126,132,181,184],"the":[2,13,70,74,80,92,105,123,130,133,161,171,176,179,182,186,191],"spatial":[3,94,100],"distribution":[4,78,95],"cloud":[6],"optical":[7],"thickness":[8],"(COT)":[9],"is":[10,23,38,143,158,173],"useful":[11],"for":[12],"prediction":[14],"and":[15,31,36,99,154,190],"diagnosis":[16],"photovoltaic":[18],"power":[19],"generation.":[20],"However,":[21],"there":[22],"not":[24],"a":[25,52,56,63,83,111,115,146,151,155,166],"one-to-one":[26],"relationship":[27],"between":[28,170],"transmitted":[29],"radiance":[30],"COT":[32,34,42,76,142,163],"(so-called":[33],"ambiguity),":[35],"it":[37],"difficult":[39],"to":[40,54],"estimate":[41],"because":[43],"three-dimensional":[45],"(3D)":[46],"radiative":[47,65,135,193],"transfer":[48,66],"effects.":[49],"We":[50],"propose":[51],"method":[53,106],"train":[55],"convolutional":[57],"neural":[58],"network":[59],"(CNN)":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"3D":[64,134,192],"model,":[67],"which":[68],"enables":[69],"quick":[71],"estimation":[72],"slant-column":[75],"(SCOT)":[77],"from":[79,145],"image":[81,148],"ground-mounted":[84],"radiometrically":[85],"calibrated":[86],"digital":[87,152],"camera.":[88],"The":[89,168],"CNN":[90],"retrieves":[91],"SCOT":[93,124],"using":[96,107,165],"spectral":[97],"features":[98],"contexts.":[101],"An":[102],"evaluation":[103],"synthetic":[108],"data":[109],"shows":[110],"high":[112,156],"accuracy":[113],"with":[114,160],"mean":[116],"absolute":[117],"percentage":[118],"error":[119],"18%":[121],"in":[122,178],"range":[125],"1\u2013100,":[127],"greatly":[128],"reducing":[129],"influence":[131],"effect.":[136,194],"As":[137],"an":[138],"initial":[139],"analysis":[140],"result,":[141],"estimated":[144,164],"sky":[147],"taken":[149],"by":[150],"camera,":[153],"correlation":[157],"shown":[159],"effective":[162],"pyranometer.":[167],"discrepancy":[169],"two":[172],"reasonable,":[174],"considering":[175],"difference":[177],"size":[180],"field":[183],"view,":[185],"space\u2013time":[187],"averaging":[188],"method,":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}