{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954873937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131509","title":"Developing an Aircraft-Based Angular Distribution Model of Solar Reflection from Wildfire Smoke to Aid Satellite-Based Radiative Flux Estimation","display_name":"Developing an Aircraft-Based Angular Distribution Model of Solar Reflection from Wildfire Smoke to Aid Satellite-Based Radiative Flux Estimation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954873937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131509","mag":"2954873937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11131509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/13/1509/pdf?version=1562646448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/13/1509/pdf?version=1562646448","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004185947","display_name":"Tam\u00e1s V\u00e1rnai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tam\u00e1s V\u00e1rnai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA","NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001588860","display_name":"Charles K. Gatebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-2239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329765538","display_name":"Universities Space Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/043pgqy52","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Gatebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022632784","display_name":"Ritesh Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-9346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298723799","display_name":"Environmental Defense Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02tj7r959","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298723799"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritesh Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC 20009, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC 20009, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298723799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112210122","display_name":"Rajesh Poudyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Poudyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033055464","display_name":"Wenying Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-3083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319063186","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenying Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004185947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I79272384"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58789776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"13","first_page":"1509","last_page":"1509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7619686126708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6408182978630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.545962393283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-flux","display_name":"Radiative flux","score":0.5146687626838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5118233561515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","score":0.49965381622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.47154501080513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.43708401918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-scattering-albedo","display_name":"Single-scattering albedo","score":0.4363982677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoke","display_name":"Smoke","score":0.41945263743400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.408452570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.3845690190792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1903933584690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1559773087501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12111002206802368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7619686126708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6408182978630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.545962393283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68130645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280375","display_name":"Radiative flux","level":3,"score":0.5146687626838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5118233561515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195886398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","level":3,"score":0.49965381622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.47154501080513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.43708401918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778552899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77607","display_name":"Single-scattering albedo","level":3,"score":0.4363982677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.41945263743400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.408452570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3845690190792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1903933584690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1559773087501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12111002206802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11131509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/13/1509/pdf?version=1562646448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:617b4e665fb74e00bbe638337d83de7c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/617b4e665fb74e00bbe638337d83de7c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 13, p 1509 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11131509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11131509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/13/1509/pdf?version=1562646448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954873937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954873937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1703778297","https://openalex.org/W1963824509","https://openalex.org/W1966236729","https://openalex.org/W1966599239","https://openalex.org/W1970995843","https://openalex.org/W1991106603","https://openalex.org/W1995327995","https://openalex.org/W1995473123","https://openalex.org/W2020777623","https://openalex.org/W2021712569","https://openalex.org/W2028499145","https://openalex.org/W2035786303","https://openalex.org/W2040984661","https://openalex.org/W2044283034","https://openalex.org/W2052514057","https://openalex.org/W2072178838","https://openalex.org/W2073773661","https://openalex.org/W2073953162","https://openalex.org/W2077650774","https://openalex.org/W2091397530","https://openalex.org/W2091774995","https://openalex.org/W2101956016","https://openalex.org/W2103721688","https://openalex.org/W2126946425","https://openalex.org/W2129785681","https://openalex.org/W2129890987","https://openalex.org/W2130276143","https://openalex.org/W2132832653","https://openalex.org/W2135843276","https://openalex.org/W2141604523","https://openalex.org/W2152410413","https://openalex.org/W2155745778","https://openalex.org/W2156705617","https://openalex.org/W2157155949","https://openalex.org/W2161581594","https://openalex.org/W2167088427","https://openalex.org/W2168220306","https://openalex.org/W2168894097","https://openalex.org/W2170846069","https://openalex.org/W2188098015","https://openalex.org/W2328908430","https://openalex.org/W2471640679","https://openalex.org/W2486303733","https://openalex.org/W2808813192","https://openalex.org/W3083900497","https://openalex.org/W4235476771","https://openalex.org/W4254887142","https://openalex.org/W6682909502","https://openalex.org/W6980622524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113351631","https://openalex.org/W1971795288","https://openalex.org/W2103831930","https://openalex.org/W2328698228","https://openalex.org/W1993916247","https://openalex.org/W4288693901","https://openalex.org/W830499452","https://openalex.org/W2156680019","https://openalex.org/W2020380430","https://openalex.org/W2385790130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,111,159],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,22,27,30,63,69,72,82,85,95,108,121,124,143,148,156,162,185,218],"angular":[4,131,144,187],"distribution":[5,132,188],"of":[6,26,29,47,53,133,152,196,220],"scattered":[7],"solar":[8],"radiation":[9],"associated":[10],"with":[11],"wildfire":[12],"smoke":[13,40,109,197],"aerosols":[14],"observed":[15],"over":[16,155],"boreal":[17],"forests":[18],"in":[19,147,217],"Canada":[20],"during":[21],"ARCTAS":[23],"(Arctic":[24],"Research":[25],"Composition":[28],"Troposphere":[31],"from":[32,100,204],"Aircraft":[33],"and":[34,49,58,84,126,198],"Satellites)":[35],"campaign.":[36],"First,":[37],"it":[38],"estimates":[39,71],"radiative":[41,222],"parameters":[42],"(550":[43],"nm":[44],"optical":[45],"depth":[46],"3.9":[48],"single":[50],"scattering":[51],"albedo":[52],"0.90)":[54],"using":[55,173],"quasi-simultaneous":[56],"multiangular":[57],"multispectral":[59],"airborne":[60,209],"measurements":[61,98,211],"by":[62],"Cloud":[64],"Absorption":[65],"Radiometer":[66],"(CAR).":[67],"Next,":[68],"paper":[70],"broadband":[73],"top-of-atmosphere":[74],"radiances":[75,135],"that":[76,118,170,184,208],"a":[77,105,127,166,180,192],"satellite":[78],"instrument":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"Clouds":[83],"Earth\u2019s":[86],"Radiant":[87],"Energy":[88],"System":[89],"(CERES)":[90],"could":[91],"have":[92],"observed,":[93],"given":[94],"narrowband":[96],"CAR":[97,210],"made":[99],"an":[101,115],"aircraft":[102,125],"circling":[103],"about":[104],"kilometer":[106],"above":[107,123],"layer.":[110],"estimation":[112],"includes":[113],"both":[114],"atmospheric":[116],"correction":[117],"accounts":[119],"for":[120,191],"atmosphere":[122],"narrowband-to-broadband":[128],"conversion.":[129],"The":[130],"estimated":[134,186],"is":[136,160,165],"found":[137],"to":[138],"be":[139],"substantially":[140],"different":[141],"than":[142],"model":[145,164,169],"used":[146],"operational":[149],"data":[150],"processing":[151],"CERES":[153,163],"observations":[154,174],"same":[157],"area.":[158],"because":[161],"monthly":[167],"average":[168],"was":[171],"constructed":[172],"taken":[175],"under":[176],"smoke-free":[177],"conditions.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"sensitivity":[181],"analysis":[182],"shows":[183],"remains":[189],"accurate":[190],"fairly":[193],"wide":[194],"range":[195],"underlying":[199],"surface":[200],"parameters.":[201],"Overall,":[202],"results":[203],"this":[205],"work":[206],"suggest":[207],"can":[212],"bring":[213],"some":[214],"substantial":[215],"improvements":[216],"accuracy":[219],"satellite-based":[221],"flux":[223],"estimates.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}