{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953605053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121497","title":"An Enhanced Mapping Function with Ionospheric Varying Height","display_name":"An Enhanced Mapping Function with Ionospheric Varying Height","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953605053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121497","mag":"2953605053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11121497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/12/1497/pdf?version=1561432593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/12/1497/pdf?version=1561432593","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012009693","display_name":"Yan Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-4792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calagry T2N 1N4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calagry T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011313354","display_name":"Yang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-6696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calagry T2N 1N4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calagry T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012009693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.1525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91329608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"1497","last_page":"1497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.7459355592727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.5660237073898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5527049899101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.5412769317626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-of-sight","display_name":"Line-of-sight","score":0.5316914319992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.46844154596328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4640706181526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.438664972782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.42064353823661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3986794054508209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37948077917099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.35113459825515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.14684775471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.11775273084640503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.7459355592727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.5660237073898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5527049899101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.5412769317626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780928442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553027","display_name":"Line-of-sight","level":2,"score":0.5316914319992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.46844154596328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4640706181526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.438664972782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.42064353823661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3986794054508209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37948077917099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35113459825515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.14684775471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.11775273084640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11121497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/12/1497/pdf?version=1561432593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:997ef628ef5c4cfeb376b51f1ad3bda4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/997ef628ef5c4cfeb376b51f1ad3bda4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 12, p 1497 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/12/1497/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11121497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121497","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/12/1497/pdf?version=1561432593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953605053.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953605053.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W765110979","https://openalex.org/W1489897817","https://openalex.org/W1545284876","https://openalex.org/W1560675754","https://openalex.org/W1651813886","https://openalex.org/W1680831206","https://openalex.org/W1837305461","https://openalex.org/W1975067061","https://openalex.org/W1987326676","https://openalex.org/W1990965846","https://openalex.org/W1991289689","https://openalex.org/W1995447757","https://openalex.org/W2033424762","https://openalex.org/W2043643642","https://openalex.org/W2048604879","https://openalex.org/W2049634885","https://openalex.org/W2050546935","https://openalex.org/W2058160370","https://openalex.org/W2079595022","https://openalex.org/W2119766910","https://openalex.org/W2153105094","https://openalex.org/W2273192325","https://openalex.org/W2353383876","https://openalex.org/W2465787363","https://openalex.org/W2744920005","https://openalex.org/W2766069425","https://openalex.org/W2788552220","https://openalex.org/W2912346654","https://openalex.org/W2915621969","https://openalex.org/W2990229927","https://openalex.org/W6758256160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391986911","https://openalex.org/W3012062545","https://openalex.org/W4390484789","https://openalex.org/W2280162962","https://openalex.org/W1989070650","https://openalex.org/W2550010074","https://openalex.org/W2770061914","https://openalex.org/W1992137669","https://openalex.org/W2038646710","https://openalex.org/W2146528706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mapping":[0],"function":[1,62],"(MF)":[2],"converts":[3],"the":[4,12,28,33,51,65,74,81,88,101,111,140,156,160,165,176],"line-of-sight":[5],"slant":[6],"total":[7,14],"electron":[8,15],"content":[9,16],"(STEC)":[10],"into":[11],"vertical":[13],"(VTEC),":[17],"and":[18,41,58,79,90,172],"vice":[19],"versa.":[20],"In":[21,50],"an":[22,24,132],"MF,":[23],"essential":[25],"parameter":[26],"is":[27,45],"ionospheric":[29,66,82],"effective":[30],"height.":[31],"However,":[32],"inhomogeneous":[34],"ionosphere":[35],"makes":[36],"this":[37],"height":[38,68,113,119,128,142],"vary":[39],"spatially":[40],"temporally,":[42],"meaning":[43],"it":[44],"not":[46],"a":[47,60,126],"global":[48],"constant.":[49],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"review":[54],"several":[55],"mapping":[56,61,77,102,122,149],"functions":[57],"propose":[59],"that":[63,100],"utilizes":[64],"varying":[67],"(IVH).":[69],"We":[70],"investigate":[71],"impacts":[72,174],"of":[73,114,129,134,143,162],"IVH":[75,105,163],"on":[76,80,87,164,175],"errors":[78,103,123,150],"modeling,":[83],"as":[84,86],"well":[85],"satellite":[89,166],"receiver":[91,177],"differential":[92],"code":[93],"biases":[94],"(DCBs).":[95],"Our":[96],"analysis":[97],"results":[98],"indicate":[99],"using":[104,125,153],"are":[106,168],"smaller":[107,121,148],"than":[108,124],"those":[109],"from":[110],"fixed":[112,127,141],"450":[115,130,144],"km.":[116,145],"The":[117],"integral":[118],"achieves":[120],"km,":[131],"improvement":[133],"about":[135,169],"8%":[136],"when":[137],"compared":[138],"with":[139],"And":[146],"35%":[147],"were":[151],"found":[152],"HmF2":[154],"at":[155,179],"lower":[157],"latitude.":[158],"Also,":[159],"effects":[161],"DCBs":[167,178],"0.1":[170],"ns,":[171],"larger":[173],"1.0":[180],"ns.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
