{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948408086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111320","title":"Initial Positioning Assessment of BDS New Satellites and New Signals","display_name":"Initial Positioning Assessment of BDS New Satellites and New Signals","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948408086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111320","mag":"2948408086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111320","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1320/pdf?version=1559625591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1320/pdf?version=1559625591","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064837504","display_name":"Yize Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-8087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48840829","display_name":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048nxq511","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yize Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China","Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065640784","display_name":"Nobuaki Kubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-5469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48840829","display_name":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048nxq511","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nobuaki Kubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073012010","display_name":"Junping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai 200030, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032119749","display_name":"Jiexian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiexian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100776952","display_name":"Hu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-3875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064837504","https://openalex.org/A5065640784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48840829"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":64.7585,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99769513,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"1320","last_page":"1320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.7895840406417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6871652007102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6871069669723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.65647953748703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.6543670892715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.6437333822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beidou-navigation-satellite-system","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","score":0.5603870153427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5548930764198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-kinematic","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","score":0.5346423983573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5124802589416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.44800055027008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4213878810405731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.4131545424461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3369303345680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2863159775733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.17289701104164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09905502200126648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.7895840406417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6871652007102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6871069669723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.65647953748703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.6543670892715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6437333822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777783341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857141","display_name":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System","level":4,"score":0.5603870153427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5548930764198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93103318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980965","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","level":4,"score":0.5346423983573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5124802589416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.44800055027008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4213878810405731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.4131545424461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3369303345680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2863159775733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.17289701104164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09905502200126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111320","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1320/pdf?version=1559625591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6234e965cc84b13ab1de032bf8068d8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6234e965cc84b13ab1de032bf8068d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 1320 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/11/1320/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 11; Pages: 1320","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111320","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1320/pdf?version=1559625591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2562158013","display_name":"\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7a7a\u57fa\u51c6\u7cbe\u5316\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11673050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5612372857","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8ePPP\u7f51\u89e3UPD\u6a21\u7cca\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u201c\u5398\u7c73\u7ea7\u201d\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u53cd\u6f14\u53ca\u76d1\u6d4b\u9884\u8b66\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41874042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948408086.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948408086.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1813537582","https://openalex.org/W1967880009","https://openalex.org/W1998697053","https://openalex.org/W2008880315","https://openalex.org/W2031701896","https://openalex.org/W2058430347","https://openalex.org/W2063085808","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2095093213","https://openalex.org/W2101945089","https://openalex.org/W2114500068","https://openalex.org/W2148255198","https://openalex.org/W2265774878","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2607422644","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2750950682","https://openalex.org/W2786833733","https://openalex.org/W2793731304","https://openalex.org/W2797286077","https://openalex.org/W2799580356","https://openalex.org/W2804714064","https://openalex.org/W2915777987","https://openalex.org/W2918488316","https://openalex.org/W2919576603","https://openalex.org/W2920594953","https://openalex.org/W2923731567","https://openalex.org/W2994630421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226150051","https://openalex.org/W2217752871","https://openalex.org/W2091112057","https://openalex.org/W4205928393","https://openalex.org/W2026415456","https://openalex.org/W2373524029","https://openalex.org/W2958450125","https://openalex.org/W2625889682","https://openalex.org/W2031701896","https://openalex.org/W831686562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,106],"the":[1,8,12,34,49,53,72,107,111,141,171,192,222,229,237,254],"official":[2],"announcement":[3],"of":[4,10,37,57,79,86,93,109,113,131,144,157,176,195,213,219,257],"open":[5],"service":[6,36,166],"since":[7],"end":[9],"2018,":[11],"BeiDou":[13],"navigation":[14,24],"satellite":[15],"system":[16,50],"(BDS)":[17],"has":[18,118],"started":[19],"to":[20,84,122,153,217,236,253],"provide":[21],"global":[22,54,114,128],"positioning,":[23],"and":[25,41,52,64,104,140,184,200,210],"timing":[26],"(PNT)":[27],"services.":[28],"Thus,":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31,82,100,148,179,190,215,225,249],"worth":[32],"assessing":[33],"positioning":[35,55,62,223],"new":[38,198,258],"BDS":[39,58,239,259],"satellites":[40,81,117],"signals.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"comprehensively":[47],"assess":[48],"status":[51],"performance":[56,147,212],"regarding":[59],"single":[60],"point":[61],"(SPP)":[63],"real-time":[65],"kinematic":[66],"(RTK)":[67],"performance.":[68],"Results":[69],"show":[70,169,203],"that":[71,85,170,218],"signal":[73],"in":[74,182,187],"space":[75],"range":[76],"error":[77],"(SISRE)":[78],"BDS-3":[80],"superior":[83],"BDS-2":[87],"satellites,":[88],"showing":[89],"an":[90],"overall":[91],"accuracy":[92,178,248],"0.71":[94],"m":[95,181,186],"versus":[96],"0.97":[97],"m,":[98],"which":[99,124,189,232],"competitive":[101],"with":[102],"GPS":[103],"Galileo.":[105],"contribution":[108],"BDS-3,":[110],"number":[112,256],"average":[115],"visible":[116],"increased":[119,255],"from":[120,151,160],"5.1":[121],"10.7,":[123],"provides":[125],"a":[126,204],"mean":[127,142,173],"position":[129],"dilution":[130],"precision":[132,224],"(PDOP)":[133],"value":[134],"better":[135],"than":[136,208],"6":[137],"at":[138,191,228],"99.88%":[139],"availability":[143],"basic":[145],"PNT":[146],"also":[149,250],"improved":[150,251],"35.25%":[152],"98.84%.":[154],"One":[155],"week":[156],"statistical":[158],"results":[159],"54":[161],"globally":[162],"distributed":[163],"international":[164],"GNSS":[165],"(IGS)":[167],"stations":[168],"root":[172],"square":[174],"(RMS)":[175],"SPP":[177,211],"1.1":[180],"horizontal":[183],"2.2":[185],"vertical,":[188],"same":[193],"level":[194],"GPS.":[196],"The":[197],"B1c":[199,214],"B2a":[201,230],"signals":[202],"smaller":[205],"observation":[206],"noise":[207],"B1I,":[209],"similar":[216],"B1I.":[220],"However,":[221],"slightly":[226],"worse":[227],"frequency,":[231],"may":[233],"be":[234],"due":[235,252],"inaccurate":[238],"ionosphere":[240],"correction.":[241],"As":[242],"for":[243],"short":[244],"baseline":[245,247],"RTK,":[246],"satellites.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2019-06-14T00:00:00"}
