{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947375209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111258","title":"Long-Term Deflection Monitoring for Bridges Using X and C-Band Time-Series SAR Interferometry","display_name":"Long-Term Deflection Monitoring for Bridges Using X and C-Band Time-Series SAR Interferometry","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947375209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111258","mag":"2947375209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1258/pdf?version=1560415784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1258/pdf?version=1560415784","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000172488","display_name":"Jungkyo Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6037-8839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungkyo Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007055878","display_name":"Duk\u2010jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-7641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duk-jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020299641","display_name":"S. Vadivel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7969-9162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Krishnan Palanisamy Vadivel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085203169","display_name":"Sang\u2010Ho Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-6156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Ho Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007055878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":17.0583,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99216538,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"1258","last_page":"1258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deflection","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","score":0.7493991851806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.6444598436355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6397063732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6046234965324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-deflection","display_name":"Vertical deflection","score":0.5970408320426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5955178141593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5937182903289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilation","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","score":0.5390017032623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4368543028831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2450403869152069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1442171037197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13691428303718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07995444536209106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781355719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080698","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7493991851806641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.6444598436355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6397063732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6046234965324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146009133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159914","display_name":"Vertical deflection","level":3,"score":0.5970408320426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5955178141593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.5937182903289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780757906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276676","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","level":2,"score":0.5390017032623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4368543028831482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2450403869152069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1442171037197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13691428303718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07995444536209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1258/pdf?version=1560415784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4010f3471e554e9eaf4ef41c22850798","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4010f3471e554e9eaf4ef41c22850798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 1258 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/11/1258/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 11; Pages: 1258","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11111258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111258","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/11/1258/pdf?version=1560415784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2432018775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18RDP-B076564-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322010","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322010","display_name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/04xt5aa77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947375209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947375209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597373996","https://openalex.org/W1883408522","https://openalex.org/W1964578106","https://openalex.org/W1967208839","https://openalex.org/W1991445631","https://openalex.org/W1992335104","https://openalex.org/W2002238502","https://openalex.org/W2016486461","https://openalex.org/W2020719352","https://openalex.org/W2030491410","https://openalex.org/W2041799902","https://openalex.org/W2043453367","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2065034059","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2084934622","https://openalex.org/W2093712335","https://openalex.org/W2099008772","https://openalex.org/W2104917585","https://openalex.org/W2110940994","https://openalex.org/W2119668109","https://openalex.org/W2121773078","https://openalex.org/W2125402151","https://openalex.org/W2125582210","https://openalex.org/W2127245912","https://openalex.org/W2134806955","https://openalex.org/W2140928180","https://openalex.org/W2149369329","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2154640650","https://openalex.org/W2177909441","https://openalex.org/W2204693006","https://openalex.org/W2504362684","https://openalex.org/W2528353207","https://openalex.org/W2564406935","https://openalex.org/W2605208125","https://openalex.org/W2608586703","https://openalex.org/W2751419859","https://openalex.org/W2801000756","https://openalex.org/W2809977067","https://openalex.org/W2884308728","https://openalex.org/W2922354457","https://openalex.org/W6639068676","https://openalex.org/W6753286123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2159160885","https://openalex.org/W314381393","https://openalex.org/W2468981866","https://openalex.org/W2132603129","https://openalex.org/W609393537","https://openalex.org/W4281747364","https://openalex.org/W2356798466","https://openalex.org/W2473793912","https://openalex.org/W598623652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,123],"study":[1,164],"aims":[2],"to":[3,116,168,179],"monitor":[4,169],"the":[5,11,30,37,89,103,117,129,143,159,166,170,176],"deformation":[6],"of":[7,13,44,52,84],"bridges,":[8,85],"namely":[9],"in":[10],"form":[12],"long-term":[14,95,108,156,171],"deflection":[15,110,137,157,172],"and":[16,32,48,62,67,71,81,86,94,107,119,173],"thermal":[17,92,105],"dilation,":[18],"using":[19,76],"multi-temporal":[20],"interferometric":[21],"synthetic":[22],"aperture":[23],"radar":[24],"(InSAR)":[25],"observations.":[26],"To":[27],"precisely":[28],"estimate":[29],"vertical":[31,70,96,109,120],"longitudinal":[33,72],"displacements,":[34,121],"we":[35,87,101],"used":[36],"InSAR":[38],"time-series":[39],"technique":[40],"with":[41,131],"multi-track":[42,77],"stacks":[43],"Sentinel-1":[45,78,134],"SAR":[46,54,79],"dataset":[47],"a":[49],"single-track":[50],"stack":[51],"COSMO-SkyMed":[53,99],"data":[55,80],"over":[56,158],"two":[57],"extradosed":[58],"bridge":[59],"cases;":[60],"Kimdaejung":[61],"Muyoung":[63],"bridges":[64,152,177],"between":[65,145],"2013":[66],"2017.":[68],"The":[69,136,147],"displacements":[73,90],"are":[74],"estimated":[75],"orientation":[82],"angle":[83],"converted":[88],"into":[91],"dilation":[93,106],"deflection.":[97],"From":[98],"data,":[100],"calculated":[102],"horizontal":[104,118],"assuming":[111],"that":[112,150,175],"they":[113],"dominantly":[114],"contribute":[115],"respectively.":[122],"assumption":[124],"appeared":[125],"reasonable":[126],"based":[127],"on":[128],"comparison":[130],"calculations":[132],"from":[133],"data.":[135],"patterns":[138],"exhibit":[139],"downward":[140],"movements":[141],"at":[142],"mid-spans":[144],"towers.":[146],"results":[148],"reveal":[149],"both":[151],"have":[153],"been":[154],"suffering":[155],"observation":[160],"period.":[161],"Thus,":[162],"this":[163],"verifies":[165],"potential":[167],"implies":[174],"need":[178],"be":[180],"monitored":[181],"periodically.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
