{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945857555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101145","title":"Reconstructing Cloud Contaminated Pixels Using Spatiotemporal Covariance Functions and Multitemporal Hyperspectral Imagery","display_name":"Reconstructing Cloud Contaminated Pixels Using Spatiotemporal Covariance Functions and Multitemporal Hyperspectral Imagery","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945857555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101145","mag":"2945857555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11101145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101145","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/10/1145/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/10/1145/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085329807","display_name":"Yoseline Angel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-8736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yoseline Angel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrology, Agriculture and Land Observation Group (HALO), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrology, Agriculture and Land Observation Group (HALO), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012845214","display_name":"Rasmus Houborg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-0747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus Houborg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence (GSCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence (GSCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075555774","display_name":"Matthew F. McCabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-5272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew F. McCabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrology, Agriculture and Land Observation Group (HALO), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrology, Agriculture and Land Observation Group (HALO), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085329807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.5109,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68772494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"10","first_page":"1145","last_page":"1145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7195553183555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6965420246124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.694133996963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.634224534034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.5533657670021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5253476500511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.4570896327495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44730302691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.41235220432281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3517037034034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2588549852371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2588443160057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2310185432434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15763479471206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1303359866142273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7195553183555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6965420246124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.694133996963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.634224534034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.5533657670021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5253476500511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.4570896327495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44730302691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.41235220432281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3517037034034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2588549852371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2588443160057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2310185432434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15763479471206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1303359866142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11101145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101145","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/10/1145/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:433c476c35004d07bfbb82b8cb630e0f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/433c476c35004d07bfbb82b8cb630e0f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 10, p 1145 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/10/1145/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11101145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 10; Pages: 1145","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/652908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/652908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11101145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11101145","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/10/1145/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945857555.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945857555.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142817872","https://openalex.org/W213481930","https://openalex.org/W1480354994","https://openalex.org/W1497751391","https://openalex.org/W1524392826","https://openalex.org/W1558780088","https://openalex.org/W1572226543","https://openalex.org/W1591032703","https://openalex.org/W1655403841","https://openalex.org/W1799689209","https://openalex.org/W1840745312","https://openalex.org/W1850843018","https://openalex.org/W1883556623","https://openalex.org/W1963768209","https://openalex.org/W1982867473","https://openalex.org/W1983848327","https://openalex.org/W1996066082","https://openalex.org/W2001547114","https://openalex.org/W2010038913","https://openalex.org/W2010367463","https://openalex.org/W2014907398","https://openalex.org/W2023714089","https://openalex.org/W2028843131","https://openalex.org/W2041440829","https://openalex.org/W2050497921","https://openalex.org/W2065876557","https://openalex.org/W2069276699","https://openalex.org/W2069437932","https://openalex.org/W2070259289","https://openalex.org/W2075567179","https://openalex.org/W2079447599","https://openalex.org/W2082971569","https://openalex.org/W2090702492","https://openalex.org/W2090712276","https://openalex.org/W2096427881","https://openalex.org/W2100300183","https://openalex.org/W2105247492","https://openalex.org/W2109748507","https://openalex.org/W2115074198","https://openalex.org/W2122041647","https://openalex.org/W2128228580","https://openalex.org/W2128686953","https://openalex.org/W2133081420","https://openalex.org/W2133257252","https://openalex.org/W2136625467","https://openalex.org/W2137142886","https://openalex.org/W2142058902","https://openalex.org/W2151192484","https://openalex.org/W2162262849","https://openalex.org/W2162348722","https://openalex.org/W2168152174","https://openalex.org/W2168997446","https://openalex.org/W2292891435","https://openalex.org/W2333786944","https://openalex.org/W2345879976","https://openalex.org/W2407959519","https://openalex.org/W2504041366","https://openalex.org/W2507037612","https://openalex.org/W2516818410","https://openalex.org/W2567087303","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2603527748","https://openalex.org/W2922288958","https://openalex.org/W3004089751","https://openalex.org/W3104375779","https://openalex.org/W4229562638","https://openalex.org/W4242955256","https://openalex.org/W4244034952","https://openalex.org/W4253131425","https://openalex.org/W4253934446","https://openalex.org/W6634212357","https://openalex.org/W6674807401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022304901","https://openalex.org/W2018850895","https://openalex.org/W2988577871","https://openalex.org/W1987483041","https://openalex.org/W4389055065","https://openalex.org/W2084145074","https://openalex.org/W1978077614","https://openalex.org/W1982418987","https://openalex.org/W2160357252","https://openalex.org/W2603494857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,12,22,51,62,69,115,129,159,177,182,195,218,229],"the":[2,10,20,49,60,67,75,82,144,183,204,224],"major":[3],"challenges":[4],"in":[5,245],"optical-based":[6],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"is":[9],"presence":[11],"clouds,":[13],"which":[14],"imposes":[15],"a":[16,70,91,112,123,138,156,163,188,213],"hard":[17],"constraint":[18],"on":[19],"use":[21,50,61],"multispectral":[23],"or":[24],"hyperspectral":[25,87],"satellite":[26],"imagery":[27],"for":[28,239],"earth":[29],"observation.":[30],"While":[31],"some":[32],"studies":[33],"have":[34],"used":[35,135],"interpolation":[36,140,237],"models":[37],"to":[38,80,93,136,142],"remove":[39],"cloud":[40,165,240],"affected":[41],"data,":[42],"relatively":[43],"few":[44],"aim":[45],"at":[46],"restoration":[47],"via":[48],"multi-temporal":[52],"reference":[53,207],"images.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"proposes":[57],"not":[58],"only":[59],"image":[63],"time-series,":[64],"but":[65],"also":[66],"implementation":[68],"geostatistical":[71],"model":[72],"that":[73],"considers":[74],"spatiotemporal":[76,236],"correlation":[77],"between":[78,178,196,203,219],"them":[79],"fill":[81],"cloud-related":[83],"gaps.":[84],"Using":[85],"Hyperion":[86],"images,":[88],"we":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"capacity":[92],"reconstruct":[94],"cloud-affected":[95,149],"pixels":[96,108,131],"and":[97,111,141,180,198,206,221,226,243],"predict":[98,143],"their":[99],"underlying":[100],"surface":[101],"reflectance":[102,146,184,208],"values.":[103],"To":[104],"do":[105],"this,":[106],"cloudy":[107],"were":[109],"masked":[110],"parametric":[113],"family":[114],"non-separable":[116],"covariance":[117],"functions":[118],"was":[119,134,153,185,210],"automated":[120],"fitted,":[121],"using":[122,155],"composite":[124],"likelihood":[125],"estimator.":[126],"A":[127],"subset":[128],"cloud-free":[130,160],"per":[132,147],"scene":[133],"perform":[137],"kriging":[139],"spectral":[145,201,215,227],"each":[148],"pixel.":[150],"The":[151,200,231],"approach":[152,232],"evaluated":[154],"benchmark":[157],"dataset":[158],"pixels,":[161],"with":[162],"synthetic":[164],"superimposed":[166],"upon":[167],"these":[168],"data.":[169],"An":[170],"overall":[171],"root":[172,190],"mean":[173,191,214],"square":[174,192],"error":[175,193],"(RMSE)":[176],"0.5%":[179],"16%":[181],"achieved,":[186],"representing":[187],"relative":[189],"(rRMSE)":[194],"0.2%":[197],"7.5%.":[199],"similarity":[202],"predicted":[205],"signatures":[209],"described":[211],"by":[212],"angle":[216],"(MSA)":[217],"1\u00b0":[220],"11\u00b0,":[222],"demonstrating":[223],"spatial":[225],"coherence":[228],"predictions.":[230],"provides":[233],"an":[234],"efficient":[235],"framework":[238],"removal,":[241],"gap-filling,":[242],"denoising":[244],"remotely":[246],"sensed":[247],"datasets.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
