{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944785292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091073","title":"Comparison of Vegetation Indices for Leaf Area Index Estimation in Vertical Shoot Positioned Vine Canopies with and without Grenbiule Hail-Protection Netting","display_name":"Comparison of Vegetation Indices for Leaf Area Index Estimation in Vertical Shoot Positioned Vine Canopies with and without Grenbiule Hail-Protection Netting","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944785292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091073","mag":"2944785292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091073","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1073/pdf?version=1557212531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1073/pdf?version=1557212531","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041741158","display_name":"Pedro C. Towers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-1679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro C. Towers","raw_affiliation_strings":["AgriSat SA, Pasaje La Loma 983, La Cumbre (5178), C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina","Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AgriSat SA, Pasaje La Loma 983, La Cumbre (5178), C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033719285","display_name":"A.E. Strever","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-7934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Strever","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080270032","display_name":"Carlos Poblete-Echeverr\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-5879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Poblete-Echeverr\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080270032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":9.883,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98587994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"1073","last_page":"1073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.8547868728637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.7942601442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6411983966827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-vegetation-index","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","score":0.595777153968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netting","display_name":"Netting","score":0.5592851042747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5384725332260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vine","display_name":"Vine","score":0.5264963507652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5191437602043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4726411700248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4604495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.34135520458221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.3319249749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3222876489162445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.1301029920578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1016933023929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10018962621688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0972529947757721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.8547868728637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.7942601442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6411983966827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78869512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5378810","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","level":5,"score":0.595777153968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780646309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151380","display_name":"Netting","level":2,"score":0.5592851042747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5384725332260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781214258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917284","display_name":"Vine","level":2,"score":0.5264963507652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5191437602043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4726411700248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4604495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.34135520458221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.3319249749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3222876489162445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.1301029920578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1016933023929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10018962621688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0972529947757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091073","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1073/pdf?version=1557212531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbbfa2de7b2242faa9167780e8663900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbbfa2de7b2242faa9167780e8663900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 1073 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/9/1073/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 9; Pages: 1073","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/106825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091073","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1073/pdf?version=1557212531","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944785292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944785292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127347482","https://openalex.org/W262209869","https://openalex.org/W333670529","https://openalex.org/W875486995","https://openalex.org/W1856015287","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1967395374","https://openalex.org/W1980711477","https://openalex.org/W1983320402","https://openalex.org/W1983523689","https://openalex.org/W1985765027","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2027249140","https://openalex.org/W2036192128","https://openalex.org/W2047058045","https://openalex.org/W2056352756","https://openalex.org/W2059523177","https://openalex.org/W2067844010","https://openalex.org/W2076456249","https://openalex.org/W2099220053","https://openalex.org/W2102144990","https://openalex.org/W2144559754","https://openalex.org/W2149813070","https://openalex.org/W2157471999","https://openalex.org/W2160832511","https://openalex.org/W2164709480","https://openalex.org/W2166405332","https://openalex.org/W2166516660","https://openalex.org/W2167869331","https://openalex.org/W2186007545","https://openalex.org/W2257783695","https://openalex.org/W2342430100","https://openalex.org/W2568797304","https://openalex.org/W2586027658","https://openalex.org/W2597168415","https://openalex.org/W6623873085","https://openalex.org/W6683468242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204926808","https://openalex.org/W2044177993","https://openalex.org/W4377008735","https://openalex.org/W2171400093","https://openalex.org/W3044682787","https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W2548706448","https://openalex.org/W1747966239","https://openalex.org/W2372207774","https://openalex.org/W2383260421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leaf":[0],"area":[1,6],"per":[2],"unit":[3],"surface":[4],"(LAI\u2014leaf":[5],"index)":[7],"is":[8,46,203,210],"a":[9,93,140],"valuable":[10],"parameter":[11],"to":[12,35,49,117,127,153],"assess":[13,36],"vine":[14],"vigour":[15],"in":[16,85,99,191,206],"several":[17,97],"applications,":[18],"including":[19],"direct":[20],"mapping":[21],"of":[22,40,52,61,82,101,158,178],"vegetative\u2013reproductive":[23],"balance":[24,142],"(VRB).":[25],"Normalized":[26],"difference":[27],"vegetation":[28,124,136,148,193],"index":[29,125,137,149],"(NDVI)":[30],"has":[31,171],"been":[32],"successfully":[33],"used":[34],"the":[37,59,80,86,111,119,129,155,175,201],"spatial":[38],"variability":[39],"estimated":[41],"LAI.":[42],"However,":[43],"sometimes":[44],"NDVI":[45,91,116],"unsuitable":[47],"due":[48],"its":[50],"lack":[51],"sensitivity":[53,104],"at":[54],"high":[55],"LAI":[56,159,179],"values.":[57,180],"Moreover,":[58],"presence":[60],"hail":[62],"protection":[63],"with":[64,160],"Grenbiule":[65],"netting":[66,84],"also":[67],"affects":[68],"incident":[69],"light":[70],"and":[71,73,103,107,122,145,188],"reflection,":[72],"consequently":[74],"spectral":[75],"response.":[76],"This":[77],"study":[78],"analyses":[79],"effect":[81],"protective":[83],"LAI\u2013NDVI":[87],"relationship":[88,184],"and,":[89],"using":[90,105],"as":[92],"reference":[94],"index,":[95],"compares":[96],"indices":[98,112],"terms":[100],"accuracy":[102,144],"linear":[106,161],"logarithmic":[108],"models.":[109,162],"Among":[110],"compared,":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"be":[118,128,154],"most":[120,130],"accurate,":[121],"ratio":[123],"(RVI)":[126],"sensitive.":[131],"The":[132],"wide":[133],"dynamic":[134],"range":[135,177],"(WDRVI)":[138],"presented":[139],"good":[141],"between":[143],"sensitivity.":[146],"Soil-adjusted":[147],"2":[150],"(SAVI2)":[151],"appears":[152],"best":[156],"estimator":[157],"Logarithmic":[163],"models":[164],"provided":[165],"higher":[166],"determination":[167],"coefficients,":[168],"but":[169,195],"this":[170],"little":[172],"influence":[173],"over":[174],"normal":[176],"A":[181],"similar":[182],"NDVI\u2013LAI":[183],"holds":[185],"for":[186],"protected":[187],"unprotected":[189],"canopies":[190],"initial":[192],"stages,":[194],"different":[196],"functions":[197],"are":[198],"preferable":[199],"once":[200],"canopy":[202],"fully":[204],"developed,":[205],"particular,":[207],"if":[208],"tipping":[209],"performed.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}