{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944605902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091068","title":"A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Human Activity Recognition in Radar","display_name":"A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Human Activity Recognition in Radar","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944605902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091068","mag":"2944605902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1068/pdf?version=1557393726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1068/pdf?version=1557393726","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406096","display_name":"Xinyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT) Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT) Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059053033","display_name":"Yuan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT) Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT) Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027047483","display_name":"Xiaojun Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2560-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT) Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT) Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059053033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":237.115,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":285,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99981094,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"1068","last_page":"1068"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7699135541915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7505382895469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.727624773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7014345526695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5821062326431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.44325679540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.43748295307159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.43234890699386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1309717297554016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7699135541915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7505382895469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.727624773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7014345526695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5821062326431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.44325679540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.43748295307159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.43234890699386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1309717297554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1068/pdf?version=1557393726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5ebbbc617f24b5bacb8842254c17e5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5ebbbc617f24b5bacb8842254c17e5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 1068 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/9/1068/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 9; Pages: 1068","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1068/pdf?version=1557393726","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944605902.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944605902.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W232528759","https://openalex.org/W1122083611","https://openalex.org/W1527389215","https://openalex.org/W1529996948","https://openalex.org/W1582660696","https://openalex.org/W1599510591","https://openalex.org/W1943054406","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W2003889892","https://openalex.org/W2006019690","https://openalex.org/W2022167766","https://openalex.org/W2023302299","https://openalex.org/W2032864926","https://openalex.org/W2054589161","https://openalex.org/W2062463137","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2101491202","https://openalex.org/W2104696249","https://openalex.org/W2105315914","https://openalex.org/W2112475275","https://openalex.org/W2116610325","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2147760933","https://openalex.org/W2150341604","https://openalex.org/W2153594606","https://openalex.org/W2154992791","https://openalex.org/W2155273149","https://openalex.org/W2156303437","https://openalex.org/W2156869003","https://openalex.org/W2157770256","https://openalex.org/W2165566189","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2219995598","https://openalex.org/W2242223225","https://openalex.org/W2249118586","https://openalex.org/W2274287116","https://openalex.org/W2304267454","https://openalex.org/W2313154375","https://openalex.org/W2324333583","https://openalex.org/W2342792048","https://openalex.org/W2348797658","https://openalex.org/W2392605069","https://openalex.org/W2422658189","https://openalex.org/W2437887222","https://openalex.org/W2442365672","https://openalex.org/W2443665098","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2506886870","https://openalex.org/W2507009361","https://openalex.org/W2510879459","https://openalex.org/W2531174837","https://openalex.org/W2531297344","https://openalex.org/W2536305597","https://openalex.org/W2552002155","https://openalex.org/W2561708064","https://openalex.org/W2566139880","https://openalex.org/W2568838907","https://openalex.org/W2577021971","https://openalex.org/W2578577414","https://openalex.org/W2581555918","https://openalex.org/W2581557729","https://openalex.org/W2595613322","https://openalex.org/W2611175729","https://openalex.org/W2615263668","https://openalex.org/W2621073571","https://openalex.org/W2625598584","https://openalex.org/W2725294424","https://openalex.org/W2736191430","https://openalex.org/W2744100481","https://openalex.org/W2746870488","https://openalex.org/W2747165560","https://openalex.org/W2769152479","https://openalex.org/W2770967835","https://openalex.org/W2776159959","https://openalex.org/W2783794174","https://openalex.org/W2788731403","https://openalex.org/W2789436454","https://openalex.org/W2789450195","https://openalex.org/W2789648429","https://openalex.org/W2790336835","https://openalex.org/W2790954537","https://openalex.org/W2792471764","https://openalex.org/W2793655483","https://openalex.org/W2794401018","https://openalex.org/W2805572253","https://openalex.org/W2805943659","https://openalex.org/W2887770386","https://openalex.org/W2890319410","https://openalex.org/W2892272844","https://openalex.org/W2893047521","https://openalex.org/W2898048572","https://openalex.org/W2898693178","https://openalex.org/W2903241283","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2912876208","https://openalex.org/W2914258566","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2919916121","https://openalex.org/W2925629343","https://openalex.org/W2950971447","https://openalex.org/W2952186347","https://openalex.org/W2963591222","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W4213214284","https://openalex.org/W4255515329","https://openalex.org/W6676656962","https://openalex.org/W6680300913","https://openalex.org/W6731616869","https://openalex.org/W6756261893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar,":[0],"as":[1,15,30,65],"one":[2],"of":[3,120,133,153],"the":[4,118,131,151],"sensors":[5],"for":[6,79,101,111,157],"human":[7],"activity":[8,112],"recognition":[9,113],"(HAR),":[10],"has":[11,23,75],"unique":[12],"characteristics":[13],"such":[14,29],"privacy":[16],"protection":[17],"and":[18,35,48,60,74,98,126,163,173],"contactless":[19],"sensing.":[20],"Radar-based":[21],"HAR":[22,87,159],"been":[24],"applied":[25],"in":[26,88,114,160],"many":[27],"fields":[28],"human\u2013computer":[31],"interaction,":[32],"smart":[33],"surveillance":[34],"health":[36],"assessment.":[37],"Conventional":[38],"machine":[39],"learning":[40,63,85,94,100,108,138,156],"approaches":[41,109,139],"rely":[42],"on":[43],"heuristic":[44],"hand-crafted":[45],"feature":[46],"extraction,":[47],"their":[49],"generalization":[50],"capability":[51],"is":[52,58],"limited.":[53],"Additionally,":[54],"extracting":[55],"features":[56,72],"manually":[57],"time\u2013consuming":[59],"inefficient.":[61],"Deep":[62],"acts":[64],"a":[66],"hierarchical":[67],"approach":[68],"to":[69,117,130,142],"learn":[70],"high-level":[71],"automatically":[73],"achieved":[76],"superior":[77],"performance":[78],"HAR.":[80,103],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"surveys":[83],"deep":[84,93,99,107,137,155],"based":[86],"radar":[89,96,115,121],"from":[90],"three":[91],"aspects:":[92],"techniques,":[95],"systems,":[97],"radar-based":[102,158],"Especially,":[104],"we":[105,167],"elaborate":[106],"designed":[110],"according":[116],"dimension":[119],"returns":[122],"(i.e.,":[123],"1D,":[124,161],"2D":[125,162],"3D":[127,164],"echoes).":[128],"Due":[129],"difference":[132],"echo":[134],"forms,":[135],"corresponding":[136],"are":[140],"different":[141],"fully":[143],"exploit":[144],"motion":[145],"information.":[146],"Experimental":[147],"results":[148],"have":[149],"demonstrated":[150],"feasibility":[152],"applying":[154],"echoes.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"address":[168],"some":[169],"current":[170],"research":[171],"considerations":[172],"future":[174],"opportunities.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2019-05-16T00:00:00"}
