{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944519137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091063","title":"Measuring Vegetation Phenology with Near-Surface Remote Sensing in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Effects of Sensor Type and Deployment","display_name":"Measuring Vegetation Phenology with Near-Surface Remote Sensing in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Effects of Sensor Type and Deployment","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944519137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091063","mag":"2944519137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1063/pdf?version=1557058874","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1063/pdf?version=1557058874","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091832997","display_name":"Fan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9241-8161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790326","display_name":"Xingchang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingchang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114254178","display_name":"Chuankuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-5426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuankuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101790326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5597,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82770626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"1063","last_page":"1063"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7037019729614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6661257147789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenology","display_name":"Phenology","score":0.639724850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroradiometer","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","score":0.6275743842124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-deciduous-forest","display_name":"Temperate deciduous forest","score":0.6047996878623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deciduous","display_name":"Deciduous","score":0.5460874438285828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5277417302131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-forest","display_name":"Temperate forest","score":0.5220044255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5035609602928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/understory","display_name":"Understory","score":0.4670863151550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.4429193139076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-climate","display_name":"Temperate climate","score":0.325639933347702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21210607886314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.09410881996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.092387855052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.07776853442192078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7037019729614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6661257147789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.639724850654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130066347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680509","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.6275743842124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154702282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1556311","display_name":"Temperate deciduous forest","level":3,"score":0.6047996878623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33283694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131316","display_name":"Deciduous","level":2,"score":0.5460874438285828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5277417302131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188442384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079197","display_name":"Temperate forest","level":3,"score":0.5220044255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5035609602928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139669111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422666","display_name":"Understory","level":3,"score":0.4670863151550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.4429193139076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167466","display_name":"Temperate climate","level":2,"score":0.325639933347702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21210607886314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.09410881996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.092387855052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.07776853442192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1063/pdf?version=1557058874","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0e7c11bce44748ec89f2cc7187521203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0e7c11bce44748ec89f2cc7187521203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 1063 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1063/pdf?version=1557058874","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1276977322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QC2017010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2757441286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7425390014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C2017010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G775753802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8044339297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRT_15R09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338204","funder_display_name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338204","display_name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944519137.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944519137.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W830770453","https://openalex.org/W1177623217","https://openalex.org/W1643008739","https://openalex.org/W1761353746","https://openalex.org/W1899691015","https://openalex.org/W1968719003","https://openalex.org/W1978461093","https://openalex.org/W1982684167","https://openalex.org/W1991460205","https://openalex.org/W2029411945","https://openalex.org/W2033971200","https://openalex.org/W2035029697","https://openalex.org/W2035234551","https://openalex.org/W2036992772","https://openalex.org/W2038927660","https://openalex.org/W2046849767","https://openalex.org/W2050567885","https://openalex.org/W2053476149","https://openalex.org/W2053687361","https://openalex.org/W2071730984","https://openalex.org/W2072093516","https://openalex.org/W2077770733","https://openalex.org/W2081585295","https://openalex.org/W2089621934","https://openalex.org/W2096682311","https://openalex.org/W2099098700","https://openalex.org/W2099428109","https://openalex.org/W2100177426","https://openalex.org/W2106811285","https://openalex.org/W2108453463","https://openalex.org/W2111349306","https://openalex.org/W2112282576","https://openalex.org/W2114456168","https://openalex.org/W2115153975","https://openalex.org/W2119470700","https://openalex.org/W2126681578","https://openalex.org/W2128467912","https://openalex.org/W2131062081","https://openalex.org/W2137410316","https://openalex.org/W2138872120","https://openalex.org/W2139835945","https://openalex.org/W2140440859","https://openalex.org/W2140944264","https://openalex.org/W2145919800","https://openalex.org/W2154951153","https://openalex.org/W2169309555","https://openalex.org/W2172045792","https://openalex.org/W2172872766","https://openalex.org/W2198568516","https://openalex.org/W2251085987","https://openalex.org/W2280673236","https://openalex.org/W2289244918","https://openalex.org/W2301276657","https://openalex.org/W2412677286","https://openalex.org/W2512165640","https://openalex.org/W2519763546","https://openalex.org/W2536745821","https://openalex.org/W2566202882","https://openalex.org/W2580000994","https://openalex.org/W2592471618","https://openalex.org/W2745498134","https://openalex.org/W2746471832","https://openalex.org/W2755725666","https://openalex.org/W2767410253","https://openalex.org/W2769889239","https://openalex.org/W2794396966","https://openalex.org/W2794421859","https://openalex.org/W2899653842","https://openalex.org/W2903700551","https://openalex.org/W3026011254","https://openalex.org/W6777929098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968901811","https://openalex.org/W2087241461","https://openalex.org/W3175926602","https://openalex.org/W1609312116","https://openalex.org/W2098219828","https://openalex.org/W2045907675","https://openalex.org/W2360114125","https://openalex.org/W2028054326","https://openalex.org/W3002624727","https://openalex.org/W417624878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Near-surface":[0],"remote":[1],"sensing":[2],"is":[3],"an":[4],"effective":[5],"tool":[6],"for":[7,57,75,172],"in":[8,18,45,54,103,116],"situ":[9],"monitoring":[10,46,176],"of":[11,31,49,67,72,78,84,122,124,132,151,157,163,177,186],"canopy":[12,47,187],"phenology,":[13],"but":[14,110],"the":[15,64,70,91,100,107,127,130,149,164,173,180,184],"uncertainties":[16],"involved":[17],"sensor-types":[19],"and":[20,37,43,80,118,129,145,167,183],"their":[21,168],"deployments":[22,169],"are":[23,170],"rarely":[24],"explored.":[25],"We":[26],"comprehensively":[27],"compared":[28],"three":[29,58],"types":[30,166],"sensor":[32,165],"(i.e.,":[33],"digital":[34],"camera,":[35,136],"spectroradiometer,":[36],"routine":[38,146],"radiometer)":[39],"at":[40,179],"different":[41],"inclination-":[42],"azimuth-angles":[44],"phenology":[48,178,188],"a":[50,139],"temperate":[51],"deciduous":[52],"forest":[53],"Northeast":[55],"China":[56],"years.":[59],"The":[60,82],"results":[61],"showed":[62],"that":[63,98,156],"greater":[65,154],"contribution":[66],"understory":[68],"advanced":[69],"middle":[71,131],"spring":[73],"(MOS)":[74],"large":[76],"inclination-angle":[77,158],"camera":[79,89],"spectroradiometer.":[81],"length":[83],"growing":[85],"season":[86],"estimated":[87,134],"by":[88,135,143],"from":[90,99],"east":[92],"direction":[93,102],"extended":[94],"11":[95],"d":[96],"than":[97,155],"north":[101],"2015":[104],"due":[105],"to":[106,137],"spatial":[108],"heterogeneity,":[109],"there":[111],"was":[112,153],"no":[113],"significant":[114],"difference":[115,120],"2016":[117],"2018.The":[119],"infield":[121],"view":[123],"sensors":[125],"caused":[126],"MOS":[128],"fall,":[133],"lag":[138],"week":[140],"behind":[141],"those":[142],"spectroradiometer":[144],"radiometer.":[147],"Overall,":[148],"effect":[150],"azimuth-angle":[152],"or":[159],"sensor-type.":[160],"Our":[161],"assessments":[162],"critical":[171],"long-term":[174],"accurate":[175],"site":[181],"scale":[182],"regional/global-integration":[185],"data.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}